¹Arijani Lasmawati,²Adrianus E. Meliala,³Ni Made Martini Puteri

¹Doctoral Candidate, Department of Criminology, Universitas Indonesia

²Professor, Department of Criminology, Universitas Indonesia

³Lecturer, Department of Criminology, Universitas Indonesia

DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i7-24

Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT

The history of acts of terrorism in Indonesia, which began in 2003-2019, shows several shifting trends in terrorism crimes, terms of action strategies, targets, and characteristics of perpetrators. Based on the action strategy and the features of the perpetrators, the authors found the involvement of children and adolescents. Horgan, Taylor, Bloom, and Winter (2017) state that the involvement of children in acts of terrorism is part of the regeneration of terrorist organizations to continue to exist and survive for a long time. This research aims to illustrate how the internal defense system in the containment theory contributes to the terrorism context. This research is qualitative which uses in-depth interviews for gathering data. Results showed that internal defense could not support teenagers to avoid their engagement with radical or terrorist groups.

Keywords

Terror, Terrorism, Children, Teenagers, Containment Theory

REFERENCES

1) Arianti, V. (2018). Participation of Children in Terrorist Attacks in Indonesia: A Possible Future Trend. Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 10(11), 4–8. https://doi.org/10.2307/26514860.

2) Batubara, J. R. (2016). Adolescent Development (Perkembangan Remaja). Sari Pediatri, 12(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.14238/sp12.1.2010.21-9.

3) Convery, A., & Sardi, L. (2006). No Victims , No Oppression: Feminist Theory and the Denial of Victimhood. In Australasian Political Studies Association conference.

4) Doerner, W. G., & Lab, S. P. (2012). Victimology (6th ed.). Elsevier, Inc.

5) Gunadha, R., & Saleh, U. H. (2019, November 16). BNPT ungkap tren baru teroris Indonesia, bawa keluarga saat beraksi. Suara.Com. https://www.suara.com/news/2019/11/16/220915/bnpt-ungkap-tren-baru-teroris-indonesia-bawa-keluargasaat-beraksi.

6) Halim, D. (2018). BIN: 7 perguruan tinggi negeri terpapar paham radikal. Kompas.Com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/11/20/23070271/bin-7-perguruan-tinggi-negeri-terpapar-paham-radikal.

7) Harpviken, A. N. (2019). Psychological Vulnerabilities and Extremism Among Western Youth: A Literature Review. Adolescent Research Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-019-00108-y.

8) Harris-Hogan, S. (2014). The Importance of Family The Key to Understanding the Evolution of Jihadism in Australia. Institute for Regional Security, Security Challenges, Vol. 10, No. 1, 31-50.

9) Horgan, J. G., Taylor, M., Bloom, M., & Winter, C. (2017). From Cubs to Lions: A Six Stage Model of Child Socialization into the Islamic State. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 40(7), 645–664. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2016.1221252.

10) Horgana, J. G., Taylor, M., Bloom, M., & Winter, C. (2016). From Cubs to Lions: A Six Stage Model of Child Socialization into the Islamic State. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism VOL. 40, NO. 7, 645-664.

11) Irawan, I. B. (2012). Teori-teori sosial dalam tiga paradigma: Fakta sosial, definisi sosial, dan perilaku sosial. Kencana Prenada Media Group.

12) Jahja, Y. (2011). Psikologi perkembangan. Kencana.

13) Lukito, D. (2019, October 17). BIN: Kelompok teroris anggap Indonesia medan perang. Elshinta.Com. https://elshinta.com/news/190288/2019/10/17/bin-kelompok-teroris-anggap-indonesia-medan-perang.

14) Meier, R. F., & Miethe, T. D. (1993). Understanding Theories of Victimization Criminal. Crime and Justice, 17, 459-499.

15) Milla, MN & Faturochman. (2009). Pembentukan Identitas Mujahid Global Pada Terpidana Kasus Terorisme di Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi Vol 6 no II.

16) Mustofa, M. (2007). Kriminologi: Kajian sosiologi terhadap kriminalitas, perilaku menyimpang, dan pelanggaran hukum (1st ed.). FISIP UI Press.

17) Santrock, John W. (2011). Masa Perkembangan Anak. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.

18) Supatmi, M. S., & Sari, H. P. (2007). Dasar-dasar teori sosial kejahatan. PTIK Press.

19) Gullotta, T. P., & Adams, G. R. (Eds.). (2005). Handbook of Adolescent Behavioral Problems. Springer.

20) Widyastuti. (2009). Kesehatan Reproduksi. Fitramaya.

21) Wilson, J. K. (Ed.). (2009). The praeger handbook of victimology. ABC-CLIO, LLC.

22) Wirawan, S. (2002). Psikologi remaja. Raja Grafindo Persada.

23) Wolfgang, M. E., Savitz, L., & Johnston, N. (1970). The Sociology of Crime and Delinquency. John Wiley & Sons Inc.

24) Wolhuter, L., Olley, N., & Denham, D. (2009). Victimology: Victimisation and victims’ rights. In Victimology: Victimisation and Victims’ Rights. Routledge-Cavendish. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203892695

VOlUME 04 ISSUE 07 JULY 2021