VOlUME 05 ISSUE 03 MARCH 2022
1Mohammad Anisuzzaman, 2Harun Ar- Rashid Mamun
1 Major, Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh; Principal, Jolshiri Public School and College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2 Postgraduate Student, Department of Public Administration, Comilla University, Cumilla, Bangladesh; Member, Bangladesh; Social Research Group (SRG), Bangladesh; Fellow, 2022 Cohort, Teach For Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Google Scholar Download Pdf
Abstract
The age of the Bengali liberation war has crossed almost five decades. The political, social, economic, and cultural background of the liberation war of 1971 and the emergence of independent Bangladesh is huge and varied in the form of canvas. So, this current study titled "The Liberation War of Bangladesh: Emergence of Nationalism in the Political Context" aims to investigate in what context have the common people, including military, paramilitary, political, administrative and business people, come together at the same point to demand independence? Following that, the study deals with the great liberation struggle of the Bengali nation, and significant facts, events, situations, changes in the political landscape of the time, the background of the establishment of Pakistan, linguistic, tradition, culture, and conflicting differences between East and West Pakistan from 1947 to 1971. The development of Bengali nationalism is also documented in this study by highlighting inequality in different sectors by using various data and statistics. The study is mainly used secondary data to accomplish the article. For instance, books, interviews, newspapers, various researches, online liberation war documents, etc. were used as references in the described research.
KeywordsLiberation; War; Nationalism; Political Context; Bangladesh
REFERENCES
1) Ahmed, M. (1992). Bangladesh: Sayatthasasan Theke Sadhinata [Independence from Autonomy]. Dhaka: The University Press Limited.
2) Ahmed, P. S., Sarkar, M., and Manzur, N. I. (2004). BangladesherMuktisongramerItihas: 1947-1971 [History of the Liberation Struggle of Bangladesh: 1947-1971]. Dhaka: Agami Publications.
3) Ali, R. F. (1996). BangladesherJonmo [Birth of Bangladesh]. Dhaka: The University Press Limited.
4) Mujib 100. (2021). Bangabandhu 1966.Accessed10 June 2021.Retrieved from Mujib100.gov.bd: https://mujib100.gov.bd/pages/mujib/timeline.html#images-103
5) Bangladesh Army. (2015). History of Bangladesh Army (Volume I), Liberation War and Bangladesh Army. Dhaka: Directorate of Education, Army Headquarters, Dhaka Cantonment.
6) BD 71. (2014). Six Point Movement. Dhaka: BD 71.
7) Bose, S. (2005) Anatomy of Violence: Analysis of Civil War in East Pakistan in 1971: Military Action: Operation Searchlight. Economic and Political Weekly.
https://www.politics.ox.ac.uk/materials/profile_materials/sbose-anatomy_of_violence-epw_v_40_no_41_2005.pdf
8) Choudhury, G. W. (1974). The Last Days of United Pakistan. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9) Chowdhury, A. O. (2010). EibarerSongramSadhinotarSongram [This Struggle is for Freedom]. Dhaka: Charulipi Publications.
10) Dring, S. (1971). Tanks Crush Revolt in Pakistan. London: The Daily Telegraph.
11) Hannan, D. M. (2014). Sadhin Bangladesher Abhyudayer Itihas [History of the Rise of Independent Bangladesh]. Dhaka: BiswaSahityaBhavan.
12) Hasan, S. (2017). The Role of Foreigners in the Liberation War of Bangladesh. Dhaka: Mawla Brothers Publications.
13) Hossain, M. S. (2019). 1971: Resistance Struggle Victory. Dhaka: Priyomukh Publications.
14) Hossain, S. A. (2016). MuktiyuddherItihasCarca [History of the Liberation War]. Dhaka: Anupam Publications.
15) Islam, R. (1981). LokkhoPranerBinimoye [In exchange for millions of lives]. Dhaka: Ananya Publications.
16) Khabiruzzaman., S. M. (2001). UnasattarerGaṇabhyutthan [The Mass Movement of Sixty Nine]. Dhaka: Palak Publishers.
17) Khan, K. M. (2016). BangladesherItihasPorokroma [History of Bangladesh]. Dhaka: Khan Brothers and Company.
18) Levy, B. H. (1973). Bangladesh: Nationalism in the Revolution. France: French Pres.
19) Mamun, M., and Rahman, M. M. (2019). SadhinBangladesherAbhudayerItihas [History of the Rise of Independent Bangladesh]. Dhaka: Subarna Publications.
20) Mamun, M., and Roy, J. K. (1995). BangladesherCivilSamajhPratiṣṭharSangram [The struggle for the establishment of civil society in Bangladesh 1947-90]. Dhaka: AbosorProkashoni.
21) Rahman, D. M. (2017). BangladesherItihas: 1947-1971 [History of Bangladesh: 1947-1971]. Dhaka: Spmoy Publications.
22) Rahman, H. H. (1982). Documents of the War of Independence of Bangladesh (Volume II). Dhaka: Ministry of Liberation War Affairs, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
23) Rahman, H. H. (1982). Documents of the War of Independence of Bangladesh (Volume X). Dhaka: Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh: Ministry of Liberation War Affairs.
24) Rahman, M., and Jalal, M. R. (2020)."Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra and Bangladesh's Declaration of Independence." The Daily Star, March 25.
https://www.thedailystar.net/swadhin-bangla-betar-kendro-and-bangladeshs-declaration-of-independence-52001
25) Raja, D. M. (2014). Oh General My General. Dhaka: Pathak Samabesh.
26) Roy, J. K. (1995). Bangladesher Civil SomajhProtistharSongram [The struggle for the establishment of civil society in Bangladesh 1947-90]. Dhaka: Abosor Publications.
27) Salik, S. (2016). Witness to Surrender. Dhaka: The University Press Limited (UPL).
28) Sobhan, R. (2017). BangladesherAbhyuday: EkajanPratyakṣadarsirBhaṣya [Rise of Bangladesh: Commentary by an eyewitness]. Dhaka: Prothoma Publications.
29) Trivedi, R. (2016). BangladesherAbhudayerItihasProsongo [History of the Rise of Bangladesh]. Dhaka: Kakoli Publications.
30) U.S. Government. (1972). The Sheikh Mujib Declaration of Independence of Bangladesh. the U.S. Government Records and Media Documentation Department.