VOlUME 05 ISSUE 07 JULY 2022
Saemi Park
Independent Researcher
Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT
The current research argues that people residing in disordered neighborhoods will tend not to trust their neighbors and perceive less control over life, which will in turn increase the risk of health-related work absences. Researchers also suggest that lower trust in neighbors and perceived control will strengthen the association between living in disordered neighborhoods and risk of health-related work absences. To address these questions, we examine a national study of Canadian workers gathered at the individual level in September of 2019 (N=2,524). Multinomial regression models show that perceptions of neighborhoods as disordered are associated with a greater likelihood of frequent health-related work absences. Reduced trust in neighbors and perceived control largely explain this association, but these factor do not moderate the association. This research contributes to the study of neighborhoods and health by showing that adverse health effects of disordered neighborhoods can have subsequent socioeconomic implications through increased health-related work absences.
KEYWORDS:Health, Work Absences, Neighborhood Disorder, Neighborhood Trust, Perceived Control.
REFERENCES
1) Abrutyn, Seth. 2019. “Toward a General Theory of Anomie The Social Psychology of Disintegration.” European Journal of Sociology 60(1):109-136. DOI:10.1017/S0003975619000043
2) Aneshensel, Carol S. 2010. “Neighborhood as a Social Context of the Stress Process.” Pp. 35-52 in Advances in the Conceptualization of the Stress Process: Essays in Honor of Leonard I. Pearlin, edited by W. Avison, C. Aneshensel, S. Schieman and B.Wheaton, New York: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1021-9_3
3) Asfaw, Abay G., Chia C. Chang, and Tapas K. Ray. 2014. “Workplace mistreatment and sickness absenteeism from work: Results from the 2010 National Health Interview survey.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine 57(2):202-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22273
4) Astell-Burt, Thomas, Xiaoqi Feng, Suzanne Mavoa, Hannah M. Badland, and Billie Giles-Corti. 2014. “Do low-income neighbourhoods have the least green space? A cross-sectional study of Australia's most populous cities” BMC Public Health 14(1):292-292. DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-14-292
5) Avdic, Daniel, Pathric Hägglund, Bertil Lindahl, and Per Johansson. 2019. “Sex differences in sickness absence and the morbidity-mortality paradox: a longitudinal study using Swedish administrative registers.” BMJ Open 9(8):e024098. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024098
6) Bandura, Albert. 2000. “Exercise of Human Agency Through Collective Efficacy.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 9(3):75-78. DOI: https://doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00064
7) Barber, Sharrelle, DeMarc A. Hickson, Ichiro Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian, and Felton Earls. 2016. “Double-jeopardy: The joint impact of neighborhood disadvantage and low social cohesion on cumulative risk of disease among African American men and women in the Jackson Heart Study.” Social Science & Medicine 153:107-115. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.02.001
8) Ben-Zur, Hasida. 2002. “Coping, affect and aging: the roles of mastery and self-esteem.” Personality and Individual Differences 32(2):357-372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00031-9
9) Ben-Zur, Hasida. 2018. “The Association of Mastery With Loneliness: An Integrative Review.” Journal of Individual Differences 39:238-248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000269
10) Bierman, Alex. 2009. “Marital Status as Contingency for the Effects of Neighborhood Disorder on Older Adults' Mental Health.” The Journals of Gerontology: Series B 64B(3):425-434. DOI: https://doi:10.1093/geronb/gbp010
11) Bierman, Alex, Yeonjung Lee, and Scott Schieman. 2018. “Neighborhood Disorder and Sleep Problems in Older Adults: Subjective Social Power as Mediator and Moderator.” The Gerontologist 58(1):170-80.
DOI: https://doi:10.1093/geront/gnx049
12) Bierman, Alex, and Scott Schieman. 2020. “Social Estrangement and Psychological Distress before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Patterns of Change in Canadian Workers.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 61(4):398-417.
DOI: https://doi:10.1177/0022146520970190
13) Bjornstrom, Eileen E. S., Margaret L. Ralston, and Danielle C. Kuhl. 2013. “Social Cohesion and Self-Rated Health: The Moderating Effect of Neighborhood Physical Disorder.” American Journal of Community Psychology 52(3):302-312.
DOI: https://doi:10.1007/s10464-013-9595-1
14) Breen, Richard, Kristian Bernt Karlson, and Anders Holm. 2018. “Interpreting and Understanding Logits, Probits, and Other Nonlinear Probability Models.” Annual Review of Sociology 44(1):39-54. DOI: https://doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041429
15) Bültmann, Ute, Reiner Rugulies, Thomas Lund, Karl Bang Christensen, Merete Labriola, and Hermann Burr. 2006. “Depressive symptoms and the risk of long-term sickness absence.” Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 41(11):875-880. DOI: https://doi:10.1007/s00127-006-0110-y
16) Burdette, Amy M., and Terrence D. Hill. 2008. “An examination of processes linking perceived neighborhood disorder and obesity.” Social Science & Medicine 67(1):38-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.029
17) Carbone, Jason T. 2020. “The mediating effect of allostatic load on the relationship between neighborhood perceptions and depression.” SSM - Population Health 11:100638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100638
18) Carpiano, Richard M. 2006. “Toward a neighborhood resource-based theory of social capital for health: can Bourdieu and sociology help?” Social Science & Medicine 62(1):165-175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.05.020
19) Carpiano, Richard M. 2014. “When should one (dis)trust trust measures? Response to Lindström and Sawada.” Social Science & Medicine 116:239-240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.06.032
20) Carpiano, Richard M., and Lisa M. Fitterer. 2014. “Questions of trust in health research on social capital: What aspects of personal network social capital do they measure?” Social Science & Medicine 116:225-234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.017
21) Choi, Yeon Jin, and Christina Matz-Costa. 2018. “Perceived Neighborhood Safety, Social Cohesion, and Psychological Health of Older Adults.” The Gerontologist 58(1):196-206. DOI: https://doi:10.1093/geront/gnw187
22) Collins, Charles R., Zachary P. Neal, and Jennifer Watling Neal. 2017. “Transforming social cohesion into informal social control: Deconstructing collective efficacy and the moderating role of neighborhood racial homogeneity.” Journal of Urban Affairs 39(3):307-322. DOI: https://doi:10.1080/07352166.2016.1245079
23) Collins, James J., Catherine M. Baase, Claire E. Sharda, Ronald J. Ozminkowski, Sean Nicholson, Gary M. Billotti, Robin S. Turpin, Michael Olson, and Marc L. Berger. 2005. “The Assessment of Chronic Health Conditions on Work Performance, Absence, and Total Economic Impact for Employers.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 47(6). DOI: https://doi: 10.1097/01.jom.0000166864.58664.29.
24) Dawson, Christyl T., Wensong Wu, Kristopher P. Fennie, Gladys Ibañez, Miguel Á Cano, Jeremy W. Pettit, and Mary Jo Trepka. 2019. “Perceived neighborhood social cohesion moderates the relationship between neighborhood structural disadvantage and adolescent depressive symptoms.” Health & Place 56:88-98.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.01.001
25) Drew, Elaine M., and Nancy E. Schoenberg. 2011. “Deconstructing Fatalism: Ethnographic Perspectives on Women's Decision Making about Cancer Prevention and Treatment.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly 25(2):164-182.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1387.2010.01136.x
26) Feldman, Pamela J., and Andrew Steptoe. 2004. “How neighborhoods and physical functioning are related: The roles of neighborhood socioeconomic status, perceived neighborhood strain, and individual health risk factors.” Annals of Behavioral Medicine 27(2):91-99. DOI: https://doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2702_3
27) Fujiwara, T., and I. Kawachi. 2008. “A prospective study of individual-level social capital and major depression in the United States.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (1979-) 62(7):627-633.
DOI: https://doi: 10.1136/jech.2007.064261
28) Gallagher, Matthew W., Laura J. Long, Angela Richardson, and Johann M. D’Souza. 2019. “Resilience and Coping in Cancer Survivors: The Unique Effects of Optimism and Mastery.” Cognitive Therapy and Research 43:32-44.
DOI: https://doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9975-9
29) Gibson, Katherine, Sergio Rueda, Sean B. Rourke, Tsegaye Bekele, Sandra Gardner, Haile Fenta, Hart, and Trevor A. the Ohtn Cohort Study. 2011. “Mastery and Coping Moderate the Negative Effect of Acute and Chronic Stressors on Mental Health-Related Quality of Life in HIV.” AIDS Patient Care and STDs 25(6):371-381.
DOI: https://doi:10.1089/apc.2010.0165
30) Gilster, Megan E. 2014. “Neighborhood Stressors, Mastery, and Depressive Symptoms: Racial and Ethnic Differences in an Ecological Model of the Stress Process in Chicago.” Journal of Urban Health 91(4):690-706.
DOI: https://doi:10.1007/s11524-014-9877-4
31) Glanville, Jennifer L., and William T. Story. 2018. “Social capital and self-rated health: Clarifying the role of trust.” Social science research 71:98-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.01.002
32) Glavin, Paul and Scott Schieman. 2022. “Dependency and hardship in the gig economy: The mental health consequences of platform work.” Socius 8:1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231221082414.
33) Goh, Joel, Jeffrey Pfeffer, and Stefanos Zenios. 2015. “Exposure to harmful workplace practices could account for inequality in life spans across different demographic groups.” Health Affairs 34(1):1761-1768.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0022
34) Grinyer, Anne, and Vicky Singleton. 2000. “Sickness absence as risk-taking behaviour: A study of organisational and cultural factors in the public sector.” Health, Risk & Society 2(1):7-21. DOI:10.1080/136985700111413
35) Grinza, Elena, and François Rycx. 2020. “The Impact of Sickness Absenteeism on Firm Productivity: New Evidence from Belgian Matched Employer–Employee Panel Data.” Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 59(1):150-194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12252
36) He Len, Chung, and Meagan Docherty. 2011. “The Protective Function of Neighborhood Social Ties on Psychological Health.” American Journal of Health Behavior 35(6):785-796. DOI: https://doi:10.5993/AJHB.35.6.14
37) Henderson, Max, Marcus Richards, Stephen Stansfeld, and Matthew Hotopf. 2012. “The association between childhood cognitive ability and adult long-term sickness absence in three British birth cohorts: a cohort study.” BMJ Open 2(2):e000777. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000777
38) Hill, Terrence D., and David Maimon. 2013. “Neighborhood Context and Mental Health.” Pp. 479-501 in Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health, edited by Carol S. Aneshensel, Jo C. Phelan and Alex Bierman. Dordrecht: Springer.
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_23
39) Hill, Terrence D., Catherine E. Ross, and Ronald J. Angel. 2005. “Neighborhood Disorder, Psychophysiological Distress, and Health.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 46(2):170-186. DOI: https://doi:10.1177/002214650504600204
40) Hoffmann, John P. 2016. Regression models for categorical, count, and related variables. Oakland, CA: University of California Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520965492-005
41) Ichino, Andrea, and Enrico Moretti. 2009. “Biological gender differences, absenteeism, and the earnings gap.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1(1):183-218. DOI: https://doi: 10.1257/app.1.1.183
42) Intravia, Jonathan, Eric A. Stewart, Patricia Y. Warren, and Kevin T. Wolff. 2016. “Neighborhood disorder and generalized trust: A multilevel mediation examination of social mechanisms.” Journal of Criminal Justice 46:148-158.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.05.003
43) Karlson, Kristian Bernt, Anders Holm, and Richard Breen. 2012. “Comparing Regression Coefficients Between Same-sample Nested Models Using Logit and Probit: A New Method.” Sociological Methodology 42(1):286-313.
DOI: https://doi:10.1177/0081175012444861
44) Kawachi, Ichiro. 2018. “Trust and population health.” Pp. 447-470 in The Oxford handbook of social and political trust. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274801.013.35
45) Kim, Joongbaeck, and Catherine E Ross. 2009. “Neighborhood‐specific and general social support: which buffers the effect of neighborhood disorder on depression?” Journal of community psychology 37(6):725-736.
DOI: https://doi:10.1002/jcop.20327
46) Kim, Joongbaeck. 2010. “Neighborhood disadvantage and mental health: The role of neighborhood disorder and social relationships.” Social science research 39(2):260-271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.08.007
47) Kim, Ja Young, Joohee Lee, Carles Muntaner, and Seung-Sup Kim. 2016. “Who is working while sick? Nonstandard employment and its association with absenteeism and presenteeism in South Korea.” International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 89(7):1095-1101. DOI:10.1007/s00420-016-1146-2
48) Kohler, Ulrich, Kristian Bernt Karlson, and Anders Holm. 2011. “Comparing Coefficients of Nested Nonlinear Probability Models.” The Stata Journal 11(3):420-438. DOI: https://doi:10.1177/1536867X1101100306
49) Kowitt, Sarah D., Allison E. Aiello, Leigh F. Callahan, Edwin B. Fisher, Nisha C. Gottfredson, Joanne M. Jordan, and Kathryn E. Muessig. 2020. “Associations among neighborhood poverty, perceived neighborhood environment, and depressed mood are mediated by physical activity, perceived individual control, and loneliness.” Health & Place 62:102278. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102278
50) Koopmans, Petra C, Corne AM Roelen, and Johan W Groothoff. 2008. “Frequent and long-term absence as a risk factor for work disability and job termination among employees in the private sector.” Occupational and Environmental Medicine 65(7): 494-499. DOI: https://doi: 10.1136/oem.2007.034322
51) Krokavcova, M., I. Nagyova, J. P. Van Dijk, J. Rosenberger, M. Gavelova, B. Middel, Z. Gdovinova, and J. W. Groothoff. 2008. “Mastery, functional disability and perceived health status in patients with multiple sclerosis.” European Journal of Neurology 15(11):1237-1244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02304.x
52) Kuipers, Mirte A. G., Mireille N. M. van Poppel, Wim van den Brink, Marleen Wingen, and Anton E. Kunst. 2012. “The association between neighborhood disorder, social cohesion and hazardous alcohol use: A national multilevel study.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 126:27-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.04.008
53) Laaksonen, M, K Piha, P Martikainen, O Rahkonen, and E Lahelma. 2009. “Health-related behaviours and sickness absence from work.” Occupational and Environmental Medicine 66(12):840-847. DOI: https://doi: 10.1136/oem.2008.039248
54) Latham-Mintus, Kenzie, Ashley Vowels, and Swapnali Chavan. 2020. “Neighborhood Disorder, Social Ties, and Preventive Healthcare Utilization among Urban-Dwelling Older Adults.” Journal of Aging and Health 32(1):1387-1398. DOI: https://doi:10.1177/0898264320929544
55) Lei, Man-Kit, and Ronald L. Simons. 2021. 'The Association between Neighborhood Disorder and Health: Exploring the Moderating Role of Genotype and Marriage.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(3). DOI: https://doi:10.3390/ijerph18030898
56) Long, J Scott, and Jeremy Freese. 2014. Regression models for categorical dependent variables using Stata 3rd ed. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
57) Løset, Gøril Kvamme, Harald Dale-Olsen, Tale Hellevik, Arne Mastekaasa, Tilmann von Soest, and Kjersti Misje Østbakken. 2018. “Gender equality in sickness absence tolerance: Attitudes and norms of sickness absence are not different for men and women.” PLOS ONE 13(8):e0200788. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0200788
58) Mastekaasa, Arne, and Anne May Melsom. 2014. “Occupational Segregation and Gender Differences in Sickness Absence: Evidence from 17 European Countries.” European Sociological Review 30(5):582-594. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcu059
59) Mujahid, Mahasin S., Ana V. Diez Roux, Jeffrey D. Morenoff, Trivellore E. Raghunathan, Richard S. Cooper, Hanyu Ni, and Steven Shea. 2008. “Neighborhood Characteristics and Hypertension.” Epidemiology 19(4):590-598.
DOI: https://doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181772cb2
60) Ngwenya, Nothando, Dumile Gumede, Maryam Shahmanesh, Nuala McGrath, Alison Grant, and Janet Seeley. 2018. “Community perceptions of the socio-economic structural context influencing HIV and TB risk, prevention and treatment in a high prevalence area in the era of antiretroviral therapy.” African Journal of AIDS Research 17:72-81.
DOI: https://doi:10.2989/16085906.2017.1415214
61) O'Brien, Daniel T., Chelsea Farrell, and Brandon C. Welsh. 2019. “Broken (windows) theory: A meta-analysis of the evidence for the pathways from neighborhood disorder to resident health outcomes and behaviors.” Social Science & Medicine 228:272-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.11.015
62) Oi, Katsuya, and Duane F. Alwin. 2017. “Children’s Sense of Control as a Determinant of Adult Health: Causation, Mediation, and Spuriousness.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 58(2):198-216.
DOI: https://doi:10.1177/0022146517692012
63) Pearlin, Leonard I, and Alex Bierman. 2013. “Current issues and future directions in research into the stress process.” Pp.325-340 in Handbook of the sociology of mental health. Dordrecht: Springer.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_16
64) Pearlin, Leonard I, and Carmi Schooler. 1978. “The structure of coping.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2-21.
DOI: https://doi.10.2307/2136319.
65) Perkins, Douglas D, and Ralph B Taylor. 2002. “Ecological assessments of community disorder: Their relationship to fear of crime and theoretical implications.” Pp.127-170 in Ecological research to promote social change. Boston, MA: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02511883
66) Raudenbush, Stephen W. 2003. “The quantitative assessment of neighborhood social environments.” Neighborhoods and health, 112:131. DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195138382.003.0005
67) Reitzel, Lorraine R., Sejal Lahoti, Yisheng Li, Yumei Cao, David W. Wetter, Andrew J. Waters, and Jennifer Irvin Vidrine. 2013. “Neighborhood Vigilance, Health Locus of Control, and Smoking Abstinence.” American Journal of Health Behavior 37(3):334-341. DOI: https://doi:10.5993/AJHB.37.3.6
68) Robinette, Jennifer W., Susan T. Charles, Jacqueline A. Mogle, and David M. Almeida. 2013. “Neighborhood cohesion and daily well-being: Results from a diary study.” Social Science & Medicine 96:174-182.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.07.027
69) Ross, Catherine E, and John Mirowsky. 1999. “Disorder and decay: The concept and measurement of perceived neighborhood disorder.” Urban Affairs Review 34(3):412-432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107808749903400304
70) Ross, Catherine E. 2011. “Collective threat, trust, and the sense of personal control.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 52(3):287-296. DOI: https://doi:10.1177/0022146511404558
71) Ross, Catherine E., and John Mirowsky. 2001. “Neighborhood Disadvantage, Disorder, and Health.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 42(3):258-276. DOI: https://doi:10.2307/3090214
72) Ross, Catherine E, and John Mirowsky. 2009. “Neighborhood disorder, subjective alienation, and distress.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 50:49-64. DOI: https://doi:10.1177/002214650905000104
73) Ross, Catherine E., Shana Pribesh, and John Mirowsky. 2001. “POWERLESSNESS AND THE AMPLIFICATION OF THREAT; NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE, DISORDER, AND MISTRUST.” American Sociological Review 66(4):568-591. DOI: https://doi:10.2307/3088923
74) Samuel, Laura J., Thomas A. Glass, Roland J. Thorpe, Jr., Sarah L. Szanton, and David L. Roth. 2015. “Household and neighborhood conditions partially account for associations between education and physical capacity in the National Health and Aging Trends Study.” Social science & medicine (1982) 128:67-75. DOI: https://doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.01.009
75) Scheier, Lawrence M., Gilbert J. Botvin, and Nicole L. Miller. 2000. “Life Events, Neighborhood Stress, Psychosocial Functioning, and Alcohol Use Among Urban Minority Youth.” Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse 9(1):19-50. DOI: https://doi:10.1300/J029v09n01_02
76) Schieman, Scott, and Stephen C. Meersman. 2004. “Neighborhood Problems and Health Among Older Adults: Received and Donated Social Support and the Sense of Mastery as Effect Modifiers.” The Journals of Gerontology: Series B 59(2):S89-S97. DOI: https://doi:10.1093/geronb/59.2.S89
77) Schieman, Scott, and Atsushi Narisada. 2021. “A less objectionable greed? Work-life conflict and unjust pay during a pandemic.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 71:100564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2020.100564
78) Schieman, Scott, and Leonard I Pearlin. 2006. “Neighborhood disadvantage, social comparisons, and the subjective assessment of ambient problems among older adults.” Social Psychology Quarterly 69(3):253-269.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/019027250606900303
79) Sharkey, Patrick, and Jacob W. Faber. 2014. “Where, When, Why, and For Whom Do Residential Contexts Matter? Moving Away from the Dichotomous Understanding of Neighborhood Effects.” Annual Review of Sociology 40:559-579
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043350
80) Strömberg, Carl, Emmanuel Aboagye, Jan Hagberg, Gunnar Bergström, and Malin Lohela-Karlsson. 2017. “Estimating the Effect and Economic Impact of Absenteeism, Presenteeism, and Work Environment–Related Problems on Reductions in Productivity from a Managerial Perspective.” Value in Health 20(8):1058-1064.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2017.05.008
81) Sung, Pildoo, and Joonmo Son. 2020. “In-group trust and self-rated health in East Asia using quadri-national survey data.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 61:27-58. DOI: https://doi:10.1177/0020715220937752
82) ten Brummelhuis, Lieke L., Claartje L. ter Hoeven, Menno D. T. de Jong, and Bram Peper. 2013. “Exploring the linkage between the home domain and absence from work: Health, motivation, or both?” Journal of Organizational Behavior 34(3):273-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1789
83) Uchino, Bert N., Kimberly Bowen, Robert Kent de Grey, Jude Mikel, and Edwin B. Fisher. 2018. “Social Support and Physical Health: Models, Mechanisms, and Opportunities” Pp. 341-372 in Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine: A Global Handbook, edited by Edwin B. Fisher, Linda D. Cameron, Alan J. Christensen, Ulrike Ehlert, Yan Guo, Brian Oldenburg and Frank J. Snoek. New York: Springer. DOI: https://doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-93826-4_12
84) van Deurzen, Ioana, Naja Hulvej Rod, Ulla Christensen, Åse Marie Hansen, Rikke Lund, and Nadya Dich. 2016. “Neighborhood perceptions and allostatic load: Evidence from Denmark.” Health & Place 40:1-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.04.010
85) Virtanen, Pekka, Jussi Vahtera, and Clas-Håkan Nygård. 2010. “Locality differences of sickness absence in the context of health and social conditions of the inhabitants.” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 38(3):309-316.
DOI: 10.1177/1403494809364561
86) Wen, Ming, Louise C. Hawkley, and John T. Cacioppo. 2006. “Objective and perceived neighborhood environment, individual SES and psychosocial factors, and self-rated health: An analysis of older adults in Cook County, Illinois.” Social Science & Medicine 63(10):2575-2590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.06.025
87) Wheaton, Blair. 1983. “Stress, Personal Coping Resources, and Psychiatric Symptoms: An Investigation of Interactive Models.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 24(3):208-229. DOI: https://doi:10.2307/2136572
88) Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. 2015. Introductory econometrics: A modern approach. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning.
89) Yang, Jie, and Sara M Moorman. 2021. “Beyond the individual: evidence linking neighborhood trust and social isolation among community-dwelling older adults.” The International Journal of Aging and Human Development 92:22-39.
DOI: https://doi:10.1177/009141501987120