¹Chimi Dema ,
²Dr. P Baburaj

Professor, Dept. of Tamil studies in foreign countries, Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i8-10

Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT

Chendebji village under Tangsibji Gewog, Trongsa Dzongkhag is a receptacle of diverse cultures. The village is known for its historical sense and the folktales. The socio-cultural practices are almost similar to other villages but they have their uniqueness in certain aspects. Moreover, modernization has exposed Chendebji to the external world and with the coming of Buddhism, there are several improvisations made to the socio-cultural aspects and the Bon practices. However, it has changed with time. Thus, the researcher explored the diverse sociocultural aspects and practices of Chendebji and studied the untouched, improvised and lost sociocultural aspects and practices of the village. The population consisted of 100 participants hailing from Chendebji. The researcher used mixed-method research, integrating structured survey questionnaire and semi-structured interview. Further, the researcher analysed the data using Descriptive and Narrative analysis. Thus, the researcher found the unique culture of Chendebji village even with the transition from then to now.

KEYWORDS:

Chendebji, Folk tales, Culture, Improvisation, Modernization, Aspects and Practices

REFERENCES

1) Batesjenc. (2014, September 3). 14 – Architecture And Construction Bhutan Style. Bhutan. Retrieved on May 14, 2019, from https://jeninbhutan.wordpress.com/2014/09/03/14architecture-andconstruction-bhutan-style/

2) CBS &GNH (2019). Culture and Modernisation: From the Perspectives of Young People in Bhutan. Retrieved on June 1, 2019, from https://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/culture-andmodernisationfrom-the-perspectives-of-young-people-in-bhutan/

3) Chophel D, Thinley S. & Gyaltshen D. (2012). Animal Wellbeing. The Centre for Bhutan Studies, 18. Retrieved on June 21, 2019, from http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/ publicationFiles/Conference Proceedings/BuddhismConference2012/7.Buddhism2012.pdf

4) Chophel, S. (2012, May). Cultural Diversity and Resilience. GNH. Retrieved on May 1, 2019, from http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/CulturalDiversity-andResilence.pdf

5) CIRT. (n.d.). Analyzing Qualitative Data. Retrieved on May 16, 2019, from Center for Innovation in Research and Teaching: https://cirt.gcu.edu/research/developmentresources /research_ ready/qualitative/analyzing_data

6) Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (3rd ed.). USA: SAGE Publications.

7) Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design. The USA. SAGE Publications.

8) Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design. United States of America: SAGE Publications.

9) DeFranzo, S. E. (2011, September 16). What’s the difference between qualitative and quantitative research? Retrieved on May 19, 2019, from https://www.snapsurveys. com/blog/qualitative-vsquantitative-research/

10) DeFranzo, S. E. (2014, October 15). Advantages and Disadvantages of Face-to-Face Data Collection. Retrieved on May 18, 2019 from https://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/ advantages-disadvantagesfacetoface-data-collection/

11) Dem, P. (2019). Pleasing Gods And Deities: Practice Of Bonism Still Lives On In Remote Parts Of Bhutan. Business Bhutan. Retrieved on August 21, 2019, from https://www.daily bhutan.com/article/pleasing-gods-and-deities-practice-of-Bonism-still-lives-on-inremote-parts-ofbhutan

12) Dorji, J. (2011). Hen Kha: A Dialect of Mangde Valley in Bhutan. Journal of Bhutan Studies, 24 (Summer 2011), 69-86.

13) Dorji k., Choden K., & Roder W. (2013). Diversity in Food Ways of Bhutanese Communities. Journal of Bhutan Studies, 28, 17. Retrieved on July 5, 2019, from https://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/ publicationFiles/JBS/JBS_Vol28/JBS28-2.pdf

14) Dorji K., Choden K., & Roder W. (2013). Diversity in Food Ways of Bhutanese Communities. Journal of Bhutan Studies, 28, 17. Retrieved on August 11, 2019, from https://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/publicationFiles/JBS/JBS_Vol28/JBS28-2.pdf

15) Doyle, A. (2019, October 2018). What Is a Semi-Structured Interview? Retrieved on May 20, 2019, from https://www.thebalancecareers.com/what-is-a-semi-structured-interview2061632

16) Gliem, J. A. (2003). Calculating, Interpreting and Reporting Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert-type Scales. Midwest Research to Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing and Community Education, 7.

17) Hopper, J. (2017). Beyond cultural preservation: contemporary art and identity in Bhutan. The Druk Journal. Retrieved on May 1, 2019, from http://drukjournal.bt/beyond-culturalpreservationcontemporary-art-and-identity-in-bhutan/

18) Inglehart, R., & Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, Cultural Change, and the Persistence of

19) Traditional Values. American Sociological Review, 65(1), 19.doi:10.2307/2657288

20) Institute for Digital Research and Education (2019). What Does Cronbach’s Alpha Mean?: SPSS FAQ. Retrieved on May 16, 2019, from the Institute for Digital Research and Education: https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/spss/faq/what-does-cronbachs-alpha-mean/

21) Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert Scale: Explored and Explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology.DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2015/14975 Dkarchung, G. (2011, January). Diminishing Cultures of Bhutan: Costume of Merag. Diminishing Cultures in South Asia, p. 267.

22) Khan, I. U. (2017). What is modernization? Retrieved on May 17, 2019, from Quora: https://www.quora.com/What-is-modernization

23) Kinga, S. (2002). Brief History Of Chendebji Village and LhaBon Celebration. The Centre for Bhutan Studies, 12.

24) Knaster, M. (2008, December 1). Bhutan at a crossroads. Retrieved on April 25, 2019, from Greater Good: https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/bhutan_crossroads

25) Kuensel. (2015, August 10). Preserving tradition and culture is every Bhutanese’s responsibility – Home Minister. Bhutan. Retrieved on May 5, 2019, from http://www.kuenselonline. com/preservingtradition-and-culture-is-every-bhutaneses-responsibility-home-minister/

26) Loeb, S., Dynarski, S., McFarland, D., Morris, P., Reardon, S., & Reber, S. (2017). Descriptive analysis in education: A guide for researchers. (NCEE 2017–4023). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance.

27) LonelyPlanet. (2017). Pele La to Chendebji. Retrieved on April 2, 2019, from Lonely Planet: https://www.lonelyplanet.com/bhutan/pele-la-to-trongsa/in-location/sights/782e82cb- 28dd-44ec-8eef-301a6a7a05cc/a/nar/782e82cb-28dd-44ec-8eef-301a6a7a05cc/1335534

28) Maathai, W. (2009). The importance of local culture in this era of Globality. Africa. Retrieved on April 15, 2019 from https://executiveinsight.typepad.com/executive_insight/2009/09/the-importance-of-localcultureinthis-era-of-globality-survival/

29) National Statistics Bureau (2017). Population and Housing and Census 2017 (Dzongkhag Report). National Statistics Bureau, Bhutan. Retrieved on July 21, 2019 from http://www.nsb.gov.bt/publication /publications.php?id=2

30) Palden, T. (2017, September 1). Culture, key to Bhutan’s survival. Bhutan. Retrieved on April 7, 2019, from http://www.kuenselonline.com/culture-key-to-bhutans-survival/

31) Pelden, T. (2018, December 18). HH the Je Khenpo conferred Ngadag Pel gi Khorlo. Bhutan. Retrieved on April 11, 2019, from http://www.kuenselonline.com/hh-the-je-khenpoconferred-ngadag-pel-gikhorlo/

32) Phuntsho, K. (2013). The History of Bhutan. Bhutan: Random House Publishers India Private Limited.

33) Phuntsho, K. (2015). The cultural construction of Bhutan: an unfinished story. The Druk Journal. Retrieved on May 7, 2019, from http://drukjournal.bt/the-cultural-construction-of-bhutananunfinished-story/

34) Phuntsho, K. (2017, January). The Promise of Broken Youth: A Positive Perspective. Retrieved on May 7, 2019, from The Drukjournal: http://drukjournal.bt/the-promise-of-brokenyouth-a-positiveperspective/

35) Pommaret, P. & Tobgay, T. (2011). Bhutan's pervasive phallus: Is Drukpa Kunley really responsible? Retrieved on May 9, 2019, from https://www.academia.edu/3197709/ Bhutans_pervasive_ phallus _Is_Drukpa_Kunley_really_responsible

36) Quad, A. (2016, March 7). Research Tools: Interviews & Questionnaires. Retrieved on May 22, 2019, from https://lled500.trubox.ca/2016/225

37) Rajasedkar, S., Philominathan, P. & Chinnathambi, V. (2013, October 13). Research Methodology. 53. Retrieved on May 21, 2019, from https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/ 0601009.pdf Rucker, M. (2016, January 11). 3 Straight forward Methods For Analyzing Qualitative Interview Data. Retrieved on May 23, 2019, from https://unstick.me/3-straightforward-methodsfor-analyzingqualitative-interview-data/

38) Singh, S. (2018, July 26). Sampling Techniques. Retrieved on May 21, 2019, from https://towardsdatascience.com/sampling-techniques-a4e34111d808

39) Sonnenberg, F. (2015, June 30). 7 Reasons Why Traditions Are So Important. Retrieved on April 25, 2019, from franksonnenbergonline: https://www.franksonnenbergonline.com/blog/7reasons-whytraditions-are-so-important/

40) Talikoti, M. (2019). What Is A Dichotomous Question? Retrieved on May 23, 2019, from QuestionPro: https://www.questionpro.com/blog/what-is-a-dichotomous-question/ Tashi, K. P. (2011). Invoking Happiness. Bhutan.

41) The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan (2008). The Constitution of The Kingdom of Bhutan. National Council of Bhutan. Retrieved on May 27, 2019 from https://www.national council.bt/assets/ uploads/ files/Constitution%20%20of%20Bhutan%20English.pdf

42) Trochim, W. M. (2006). Nonprobability Sampling. Retrieved on May 19, 2019, from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampnon.htm

43) Trueman, C. N. (2019, May 20). Structured Questionnaires. UK. Retrieved on May 16, 2019, from https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/sociology/research-methods-in-sociology/ structuredquestionnaires/

44) Williams, R. (1958). Culture is ordinary. Retrieved on April 27, 2019, from http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~cfrieze/courses/Culture_definitions.pdf

45) Ura, K. (2005). The Bhutanese Development Story. BhutanStudies, 7. Retrieved from http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/publicationFiles/Monograph/mono-1en-bt-dev-stry.pdf

46) Ura, K., Alkire, S., Zangmo, T. & Wangdi, K. (2012). A Short Guide to Gross National. The Centre for Bhutan Studies, 104.

47) Varvaloucas, E. (2017, Spring). Bhutan on the Brink. Retrieved on 16 May 2019 from https://tricycle.org/magazine/bhutan-on-the-brink/

48) World Access to Modern Energy. (2015). Bhutan - Chendebji Micro Hydro Project. Bhutan. Retrieved from https://www.wame2015.org/project/1035/

49) Zimmermann, K. A. (2017, July 2). What is culture? Retrieved on September 7, 2019, from Livescience: https://www.livescience.com/21478-what-is-culture-definition-ofculture.html

VOlUME 05 ISSUE 08 AUGUST 2022