JANUARY 2023

VOlUME 06 ISSUE 01 JANUARY 2023
Leadership Communication Patterns Of Madrasa Principal In Internalizing Commendable Morals
Munjin
Faculty of Education and Training UIN Saizu Purwokerto Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i1-78

Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT

The communication patterns of a madrasa principal can be done in various ways to influence or motivate subordinates to achieve the organizational goals. This qualitative research aims to describe and analyze the communication pattern done by principal of State Madrasa of Eelementary 1 Banyumas. Observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation are data collection methods carried out to madrasa principal, teachers, and students. The results indicated that the communication patterns used by madrasa principal include communication, interactional, social-psychological, persuasive, and newcomb. In addition, he also uses written and oral communication on matters considered urgent and important. The conducive madrasa culture and the commitment of all madrasa members play a significant role in the implementation of communication model.

KEYWORDS:

leadership, communication pattern, and madrasah principal

REFERENCES

1) Anderson, A. C., & Mullin, J. (1994 ). Interactive communication between children: Learning how to make language work in dialogue. Journal of Child Language, 439-463. doi:10.1017/S030500090000934X.

2) Babalola, S. S. (2016). The Effect Of Leadership Style, Job Satisfaction And Employee-Supervisor Relationship On Job Performance And Organisational Commitment. Journal of Applied Business Research, 935-946. DOI:10.19030/JABR.V32I3.9667.

3) Bangerter, A., & Mayor, E. (2013). Interactional Theories Of Communication. doi: 10.1515/9783110240450.257.

4) Bans-Akutey, A., & Tiimub, B. M. (2021). Triangulation in Research . Academia Letters, https://doi.org/10.20935/AL3392.

5) Baxter, J. (2010). The Language of Female Leadership. New York-London: Palgrave Macmillan.

6) Begum, R., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2016). Task And Relationship Orientation Of Pakistani Managers And Working Professionals: The Interaction Effect Of Demographics In A Collective Culture. Public Organization Review, 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-015-0305-3.

7) Bell, R. L. (2019). Managerial Communication For Organizational Development. USA: Busines Expert Press, LLC.

8) Bogdan, R. C., & Beklen, S. K. (1982). Qualitative Research For Education: An. Introduction to Theory and Methods. Boston : Allyn and Bacon, Inc.

9) Brown, O. P.-A. (2019). Leader’s Communication Style, LMX And Organizational Commitment: A Study Of Employee Perceptions In Peru. Leadersh. Organ. Dev. J., 230-258.

10) Cardno, .. H., & Howse, J. (2018). Leadership Practices And Challenges In Managing Diversity To Achieve Ethnic Inclusion In Two Newzealand Secondary Schools. New Zealand Journal Of Educational Studies, 101-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40841-017-0096-x.

11) Chan, S. C., & Mak, W. M. (2012). Benevolent Leadership And Follower Performance: The Mediating Role Of LeaderMember Exchange (LMX). Asia Pacific. J. Manag., 285-301. doi: 10.1007/s10490-011-9275-3.

12) Chatman, J. &. (2020). The Leader as Effective Communicator.

13) Crisol-Moya, E. R.-L.-G.-H. (2022). Inclusive Leadership From the Family Perspective in Compulsory Education. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 226-245. doi: 10.7821/naer.2022.7.937.

14) Cusimano, S. S. (2020). The Objectivity of Organizational Functions. Acta Biotheor, 253-269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10441-019-09365-9.

15) Deluga, R. J., & Perry, J. T. (1991). The Relationship Of Subordinate Upward Influencing Behaviour, Satisfaction And Perceived Superior Effectiveness With Leader-Member Exchanges. J. Occupation Psychology, 239-252. doi: 10.1111/j.2044- 8325.1991.tb00557.x.

16) DeMatthews, D. (2021). Undoing Systems Of Exclusion: Exploring Inclusive Leadership And Systems Thinking In Two Inclusive Elementary Schools. Journal Of Educational Administration, 5-21. . https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2020- 0044.

17) Denzin, N. K. (1979). The Research Act: Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods Second edition. . New York: McGraw-Hill.

18) Destiyanti, I., & Setiana. (2020). ,. (2020). Habituation Behavior to Enhance Student Learning . IMCETE, doi: 10.2991/assehr.k.200303.072.

19) deVries, R. E., & Bakker-Pieper, A. (2009). Leadership = Communication? The Relational of Leader’ Commuinication Style with Leadership Styles, Knowledge Sharing and Leadership Outcome. J. Bus. Psychology, 367-380.

20) Duarte, E. G.-P., & Sampaio, D. (2019). Social Representations About the Functions of Deliberate Self-Harm: Construction and Validation of a Questionnaire for Portuguese. Adults. Behaviour Change, 12-28. doi:10.1017/bec.2018.22.

21) Elton, R., & Moore, A. (2021). Recognizing Typology in Historical Native American Leadership: Implications for Contemporary Praxes. Open Journal of Leadership, 257-276. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojl.2021.104017.

22) Elving, W. (2005). The role of communication in organisational change. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 129-138. Doi:10.1108/13563280510596943.

23) Fiaz, M. S. (2017). Leadership Styles And Employees’ Motivation: Perspective From An Emerging Economy. The Journal of Developing Areas, 143-156. doi:10.1353/jda.2017.0093.

24) FME, T. (2015). Leadership Theories (Leadership Skills). Dipetik Desember 28, 2020, dari Free Management Ebooks. www.free-management-ebooks.co.

25) Fu, J., Long, Y., He, Q., & Liu, Y. (2020). Can Ethical Leadership Improve Employees' Well-Being at Work? Another Side of Ethical Leadership Based on Organizational Citizenship Anxiety. Front Psychology, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01478.

26) Gamero-Burton, C., & Lassibille, G. (2018). Work Engagement Among School Directors And Its Impact On Teachers’ Behavior At Work. The Journal Of Developing Areas, 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2018.0020 .

27) Gibbs, W. J., & Bernas, R. S. (2008). Interactional And Structural Characteristics Of Communication And Social Interactions During Computer-Mediated Communication. J. Comput. Higherr Education, 3-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03033430.

28) Gumuslouglu, L. K.-A., & Scandura, T. A. (2017). A Multilevel Examination Of Benevolent Leadership And Innovative Behavior In R&D Contexts: A Social Identity Approach. Jounal of Leadership Organization Study, 479-493.doi: 10.1177/1548051817705810.

29) Gyltshen, L. (2020). A Study Examining the Influence of Principals’ Situational Leadership Practices on Teachers’ Organizational Commitment in Bhutan. . Journal of Educational and Human Resource Development, 127-138.

30) Hackman, M. Z., & Johnson, C. E. (2013). Leadership: Communication Perspective. Illinois: Waveland Press.

31) Heller, K. W., & Castelle, M. (1994). . Use of Dual Communication Boards with Students who are Deaf-Blind. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindnes, 368–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X9408800413.

32) Hoel, L., & Christensen, E. (2020). In-Field Training In The Police: Learning In An Ethical Grey Area?,. Journal of Workplace Learning, 62-79.DOI:10.1108/JWL-04-2020-0060.

33) Huang, S. Y., Li, M.-W., & Chang, T.-W. (2021). Transformational Leadership, Ethical Leadership, and Participative Leadership in Predicting Counterproductive Work Behaviors: Evidence From Financial Technology Firms. National Library of Medicine, DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658727.

34) Ilyash, O. Y. (2019). The Impact of Work Autonomy and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Communication. Journal of Business of Behaviour Studies in Organization, 10-17. hƩp://dx.doi.org/10.32038/JBSO.2019.02.02 .

35) IvyPanda. (2019). Organizing Function of Management. https://ivypanda.com/essays/organizing-function-of-management.

36) Jabeen, F., & Isakovic, A. A. (2018). Examining The Impact Of Organizational Culture On Trust And Career Satisfaction In The UAE Public Sector: A Competing Values . Perspective Employee Relations, 1036-1053.

37) Jablin, F. M. (2001). Organizational Entry, Assimilation and Disengagement/Exit. In F. M. Jablin, & J. Putnam (Eds.), The New Handbook of Organizational Communication: Advances in Theory, Research and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 732-818. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/97.

38) Jermsittiparsert, K., & Urairak, B. (2019). ). Exploring The Nexus Between Emotional Dissonance, Leadership, Organisational Commitment, Job Satisfaction And Intention To Leave Among Medical Professionals In Thailand . Utopía Y Praxis Latinoamericana: Revista Internacional De Filosofía Iberoamericana, 378-386.

39) Jiatong, W., Z, W., Alam, A., Murad, M., Gul, F., & Gill, S. A. (2022). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Affective Organizational Commitment and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Employee Engagement. Front Psychology, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831060.

40) Johanson, C., & Miller, V. D. (2014). ). Conceptualizing Communicative Leadership: A Framework For Analysing And Developing Leaders’ Communication Competence. Corp. Commun., 147-165. doi: 10.1108/CCIJ-02-2013- 0007.

41) Karakas, F., & Sarigollu, E. (2012). Benevolent Leadership: Conceptualization And Construct Development. J. Bus. Ethics, 527-553.doi: 10.1007/s10551-011- 1109-1.

42) Keisu, B., Öhman A, .., & Enberg, B. (2018). Employee Effort - Reward Balance And First-Level Manager Transformational Leadership Within Elderly Care. Scand J Caring Sci, 407-416 doi: 10.1111/scs.12475.

43) Keyton, J. (2017). Communication in Organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 501-126. Doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113341.

44) King, N., Horrocks, C., & Brooks, J. M. (2019). Interviews in Qualitative Research (2nd ed.). , . Thousand Oak: SAGE Publications.

45) Kjellström, S. S., & Törnblom, O. (2020). Six Ways Of Understanding Leadership Development: An Exploration Of Increasing Complexity. Leadership, 434-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715020926731.

46) Klenke, K. (2016). Qualitative Research in the Study of Leadership (2nd ed.). g, . Bingley, England: Emerald Publishin.

47) Kodish, S. (2017). Communicating Organizational Trust: An Exploration of the Link Between Discourse and Action. International Journal of Business Communication , 347–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488414525464.

48) Koshhal, K., & Gutaya, S. (2016). Leaders Produce Leaders and Managers Produce Followers: A Systematic Review of the Desired Competencies and Standard Settings for Physicians’ Leadership. Saudi Medical Journal, 1061-1067. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2016.10.15620- 1067 .

49) Kremer, H. V., & Aguinis. (2019). Innovation Leadership: Best-Practice Recommendations For Promoting Employee Creativity, Voice, And Knowledge Sharing. Business Horizons, 65-74. DOI: 10.1016/J.BUSHOR.2018.08.010.

50) Kuria, G. N. (2020). Literature Review: Leader Communication Styles and Work Outcomes. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, , 1956-65 .

51) Lee, Y., & Kim, J. (2021). Cultivating employee creativity through strategic internal communication: the role of leadership, symmetry, and feedback seeking behavior. Public Relation Rev., doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.

52) Lickona, T. (2014). Pendidikan Karakter. Panduan Lengkap Mendidik Siswa Menjadi Pintar Dan Baik. Terjemah oleh Lita S. . Bandung: Nusa Medi.

53) Likert, R. (1967). New Patterns of Management . New York. : McGraw-Hill.

54) Liliwery, A. (2015). Komuninukasi Antarpersonal. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group.

55) Lisnawati, S. (2016). The Habituation of Behavior as Students’ Character Reinforcement in Global Era. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam , 413-428. Doi:10.15575/jpi.v2i3.852.

56) Mabrouk, D. (2018). Between Management and Leadership—A Comparative Study with Reference to (Sheikh Zayed AL Nahyan and Nelson Mandela). Open Journal of Social Sciences, 35-47. doi: 10.4236/jss.2018.69003.

57) Malik, D. (2019). Leadership Communication: Three Model Approaches. Poceeding of the Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes, 2018), 1-5. DOI:10.2991/sores-18.2019.95. 58) Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2006). Academic Resilience And Its Psychological And Educational Correlates: A Construct Validity Approach . Psychology in the Schools, 267-281. 59) Mayfiled, J., & Mayfield, M. (2017). Leadership Communication: Reflecting, Engaging, and Innovating, International Journal of Business Communication, 2017 Leadership Communication: Reflecting, Engaging, and Innovating. International Journal of Business Communication, 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488416675446. 60) McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (2006). Communication Correlates Of Perceived Machiavellianism Of Supervisors: Communication Orientations And Outcomes. Commun. Q., 127-142. doi: 10.1080/ 01463370600650829. 61) McCroskey, J., Heisel, A., & Richmond, V. (2001). Eysenck’s BIG THREE And Communication Traits: Three Correlational Studies. Commun. Monogr, 360-366. doi: 10.1080/03637750128068. 62) Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. : . Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA. 63) Moyo, N. (2019). Testing the Effect of Employee Engagement, Transformational Leadership and Organisational Communication on Organisational Commitment. Journal of Management and Marketing Review, 270-278. DOI:10.35609/jmmr.2019.4.4(6). 64) Muwagga, A. M., Genza, G. M., & Ssemulya, R. R. (2018). How Effective is the Diocesan Educational Leadership in Enhancing a Denominational Education Philosophy in Uganda? Reflections from Roman Catholic Schools in Greater Kampala (Uganda). American Journal of Educational Research, 88-95. doi: 10.12691/education-6-1-14. 65) Newcomb, T. M. (1953). An Approach to the Study of Communicative Acts. Psychological Review, 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0063098. 66) Ning, H. Y., Zhou, M. J., Lu, Q., & Wen, L. Q. (2012). Exploring Relationship Between Authority Leadership And Organizational Citizenship Behavior In China: The Role Of Collectivism. Chinese Management Studies, 231-244. doi: 10.1108/ 17506141211236677. 67) Northhouse, P. G. (2004). Leadership Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication. 68) Omilion-Hoges, L. M., & Baker, V. R. (2017). Communicating Leader-Member Relationship Quality: The Development Of Leader Communication Exchange Scales To Measure Relationship Building And Maintenance Through The Exchange Of Communication-Based Goods. Int. J. Bus. Commun, 115-145. doi: 10.1177/ 2329488416687052 . 69) Pace, R. W., & Faules, D. F. (2006). Komunikasi Organisasi – Strategi Meningkatkan Kinerja Perusahaan. . Bandung:: Remaja. 70) Permendiknas. (2007). ermendiknas No. 16 Tahun 2007 Tentang Standar Kualifikasi Akademik dan Kompetensi Guru. 71) Purwanto, N. A. (2019). Kepemimpinan Pendidikan "Kepala Sekolah Sebagai Manager dan Leader". Yogyakarta: Interlude. 72) Rabie, M., & Malek, M. A. (2020). Ethical Leadership And Employee Ethical Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Mechanisms. Seisense Journal of Management, 73-88. DOI:10.33215/sjom.v3i2.321. 73) Rakhmat, J. (2018). Psikologi Komunikasi. .Bandung: Simbiosa Rekatama Media. 74) Reynold, T. (2019). Psychological Reactance and Persuasive Health Communication: A Review of the Literature,,. Frontiers, https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2019.00056. 75) Riser, D. K., & Clarke, S. D. (2021). Learning From Teaching: Benefits of Peer Leadership for Peer Leaders in Psychology. . Teaching of Psychology , 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628320959952. 76) Robbins, S. P. (2013). Organizational Behavior. 15th Edition. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education Limited. 77) Rogala, A., & Bialowas, S. (2016). Theory of Communication: Evolution, Approaches, Models. In: Communication in Organizational Environments. Palgrave Macmillan, London, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-54703-3_1. 78) Ruben, B. D. (2016). Communication: Sine Qua Non Of Organizational Leadership Theory And Practice. Inty. J. Bus. Communication, 12-30. doi: 10.1177/2329488416675447. 79) Saldana, J. (2009). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. London: SAGE Publications. 80) Shao, H., Fu, H., Ge, Y., Jia, W., Li, Z., & Wang, J. (2022). Moderating Effects of Transformational Leadership, Affective Commitment, Job Performance, and Job Insecurity. Front Psychology, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.847147. 81) Shaw, K.-H., Tang, N., & Liao, H.-Y. (2020). Authoritarian-Benevolent Leadership, Moral Disengagement, and Follower Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior: An Investigation of the Effects of Ambidextrous Leadership. Frontiers in Psychology, Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00590. 82) Shin, Y. J. (2014). The Impact of Leader‘s Communication Style on the Conflict and Job Attitude in Ship Organization. J. of Korea Port Economic Association , 59-87. 83) Siagian, S. P. (2010). n, , Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, ,. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. 84) Stokes, P. S. (2019). Resilience And The (Micro-) Dynamics Of Organizational Ambidexterity: Implications For Strategic HRM. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1287-1322. 85) Szeto, E., & Cheng, A. N. (2018). How Do Principals Practice Leadership For Social Justice In Diverse School Settings? A Hong Kong Case Study. Journal Of Educational Administration, 50-68. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-08-2016-0087. 86) Team, C. (2022). Hersey-Blanchard Model :Leadership Model That Focuses On The Ability And Willingness Of Individual Employees. Hersey-Blanchard Model - Overview, Leadership Style, and Downsides (corporatefinanceinstitute.com. 87) Thompson, G. &. (2018). Situational Leadership Theory: A Test from A Leader-Follower. Leadership & Organization Development, 374-391. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-01-2018-00. 88) Tomescu-Dumitrescu, C. (2016). Effective communication. Analele Universitatii “Constantin Brancusi” din Targu Jiu. Serie Litere si Stiinte Sociale, 39-51. 89) Touris, D., & Jackson, B. (2008). Communication and Leadership: An Open Invitation to Engage. In Leadership (pp. 219-225). Singapore: Sage Publication. 90) Tripathi, K., & Agarwal, M. (2019). Communication Satisfaction Of Managers And Their Organizational Commitment In Automobile Sector . International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 326-331. doi:10.1038/srep43056 91) Umam, K. (2010). Perilaku Organisasi. Bandung: Pustaka Setia. 92) Unsar, S. (2014). Leadership and Communication: A Case from Glass Textile and Apparel Sector in Turky. Newyork amd London: Springer. 93) Verma, D. (2013). Communication: A Necessary Leadership Skill. Management Guru: Journal Of Management Research, 95-101. 94) Wang, Q., Hou, H., & Li, Z. (2022). Participative Leadership: A Literature Review and Prospects for Future Research. National Library of Medicine, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.924357. 95) Wanless, A., & Berk, M. (2022). Participatory Propaganda: The Engagement of Audiences in the Spread of Persuasive Communications. Semantic Scholar, 10.2478/9788366675612-009. 96) Widyanti, R. (2020). Do Leadership Style and Organizational Communication Increase to Organizational Commitment? Study Among Hospital Staff. HOLISTICA (J. of Bus. and Pub. Administration), 17=24. DOI:10.2478/hjbpa-2020-0016. 97) Wikaningrum, T., & Yunawan, U. A. (2018). The Relationships Among Leadership Styles, Communication Skills, And Employee Satisfaction: A Study On Equal Employment Opportunity In Leadership. J. of Bus. and Retail Manag. Research, 138-148. 98) Wirba, A. V. (2015). Leadership style: School perspective in Cameroon. Education Research International, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2015/439345. 99) Zakeer, A. K., Nawaz, A., & Irfan, K. (2016). Leadership Theories and Styles: A Literature Review . Journal of Resources Development and Management, 1-7. 100) Zhang, A., Tsui, A. S., & Wang, D. (2011). ). Leadership Behaviors And Group Creativity In Chinese Organizations: The Role Of Group Processes. Lead Q., 851-862. . doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.07.007. 101) Zhang, L. J. (2008). An Empirical Study on the Structure of Organizational Learning and Organizational Performance. 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, Santander, 189-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2008.72. 102) Anderson, A. C., & Mullin, J. (1994 ). Interactive communication between children: Learning how to make language work in dialogue. Journal of Child Language, 439-463. doi:10.1017/S030500090000934X. 103) Babalola, S. S. (2016). The Effect Of Leadership Style, Job Satisfaction And Employee-Supervisor Relationship On Job Performance And Organisational Commitment. Journal of Applied Business Research, 935-946. DOI:10.19030/JABR.V32I3.9667. 104) Bangerter, A., & Mayor, E. (2013). Interactional Theories Of Communication. doi: 10.1515/9783110240450.257. 105) Bans-Akutey, A., & Tiimub, B. M. (2021). Triangulation in Research . Academia Letters, https://doi.org/10.20935/AL3392. 106) Baxter, J. (2010). The Language of Female Leadership. New York-London: Palgrave Macmillan. 107) Begum, R., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2016). Task And Relationship Orientation Of Pakistani Managers And Working Professionals: The Interaction Effect Of Demographics In A Collective Culture. Public Organization Review, 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-015-0305-3. 108) Bell, R. L. (2019). Managerial Communication For Organizational Development. USA: Busines Expert Press, LLC. 109) Bogdan, R. C., & Beklen, S. K. (1982). Qualitative Research For Education: An. Introduction to Theory and Methods. Boston : Allyn and Bacon, Inc. 110) Brown, O. P.-A. (2019). Leader’s Communication Style, LMX And Organizational Commitment: A Study Of Employee Perceptions In Peru. Leadersh. Organ. Dev. J., 230-258. 111) Cardno, .. H., & Howse, J. (2018). Leadership Practices And Challenges In Managing Diversity To Achieve Ethnic Inclusion In Two Newzealand Secondary Schools. New Zealand Journal Of Educational Studies, 101-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40841-017-0096-x. 112) Chan, S. C., & Mak, W. M. (2012). Benevolent Leadership And Follower Performance: The Mediating Role Of LeaderMember Exchange (LMX). Asia Pacific. J. Manag., 285-301. doi: 10.1007/s10490-011-9275-3. 113) Chatman, J. &. (2020). The Leader as Effective Communicator. 114) Crisol-Moya, E. R.-L.-G.-H. (2022). Inclusive Leadership From the Family Perspective in Compulsory Education. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 226-245. doi: 10.7821/naer.2022.7.937. 115) Cusimano, S. S. (2020). The Objectivity of Organizational Functions. Acta Biotheor, 253- 269.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10441-019-09365-9. 116) Deluga, R. J., & Perry, J. T. (1991). The Relationship Of Subordinate Upward Influencing Behaviour, Satisfaction And Perceived Superior Effectiveness With Leader-Member Exchanges. J. Occupation Psychology, 239-252. doi: 10.1111/j.2044- 8325.1991.tb00557.x. 117) DeMatthews, D. (2021). Undoing Systems Of Exclusion: Exploring Inclusive Leadership And Systems Thinking In Two Inclusive Elementary Schools. Journal Of Educational Administration, 5-21. . https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2020- 0044.

118) Denzin, N. K. (1979). The Research Act: Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods Second edition. . New York: McGraw-Hill.

119) Destiyanti, I., & Setiana. (2020). ,. (2020). Habituation Behavior to Enhance Student Learning . IMCETE, doi: 10.2991/assehr.k.200303.072.

120) deVries, R. E., & Bakker-Pieper, A. (2009). Leadership = Communication? The Relational of Leader’ Commuinication Style with Leadership Styles, Knowledge Sharing and Leadership Outcome. J. Bus. Psychology, 367-380.

121) Duarte, E. G.-P., & Sampaio, D. (2019). Social Representations About the Functions of Deliberate Self-Harm: Construction and Validation of a Questionnaire for Portuguese. Adults. Behaviour Change, 12-28. doi:10.1017/bec.2018.22.

122) Elton, R., & Moore, A. (2021). Recognizing Typology in Historical Native American Leadership: Implications for Contemporary Praxes. Open Journal of Leadership, 257-276. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojl.2021.104017.

123) Elving, W. (2005). The role of communication in organisational change. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 129-138. Doi:10.1108/13563280510596943.

124) Fiaz, M. S. (2017). Leadership Styles And Employees’ Motivation: Perspective From An Emerging Economy. The Journal of Developing Areas, 143-156. doi:10.1353/jda.2017.0093.

125) FME, T. (2015). Leadership Theories (Leadership Skills). Dipetik Desember 28, 2020, dari Free Management Ebooks. www.free-management-ebooks.co.

126) Fu, J., Long, Y., He, Q., & Liu, Y. (2020). Can Ethical Leadership Improve Employees' Well-Being at Work? Another Side of Ethical Leadership Based on Organizational Citizenship Anxiety. Front Psychology, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01478.

127) Gamero-Burton, C., & Lassibille, G. (2018). Work Engagement Among School Directors And Its Impact On Teachers’ Behavior At Work. The Journal Of Developing Areas, 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2018.0020 .

128) Gibbs, W. J., & Bernas, R. S. (2008). Interactional And Structural Characteristics Of Communication And Social Interactions During Computer-Mediated Communication. J. Comput. Higherr Education, 3-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03033430.

129) Gumuslouglu, L. K.-A., & Scandura, T. A. (2017). A Multilevel Examination Of Benevolent Leadership And Innovative Behavior In R&D Contexts: A Social Identity Approach. Jounal of Leadership Organization Study, 479-493.doi: 10.1177/1548051817705810.

130) Gyltshen, L. (2020). A Study Examining the Influence of Principals’ Situational Leadership Practices on Teachers’ Organizational Commitment in Bhutan. . Journal of Educational and Human Resource Development, 127-138.

131) Hackman, M. Z., & Johnson, C. E. (2013). Leadership: Communication Perspective. Illinois: Waveland Press.

132) Heller, K. W., & Castelle, M. (1994). . Use of Dual Communication Boards with Students who are Deaf-Blind. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindnes, 368–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X9408800413.

133) Hoel, L., & Christensen, E. (2020). In-Field Training In The Police: Learning In An Ethical Grey Area?,. Journal of Workplace Learning, 62-79.DOI:10.1108/JWL-04-2020-0060.

134) Huang, S. Y., Li, M.-W., & Chang, T.-W. (2021). Transformational Leadership, Ethical Leadership, and Participative Leadership in Predicting Counterproductive Work Behaviors: Evidence From Financial Technology Firms. National Library of Medicine, DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658727.

135) Ilyash, O. Y. (2019). The Impact of Work Autonomy and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Communication. Journal of Business of Behaviour Studies in Organization, 10-17. hƩp://dx.doi.org/10.32038/JBSO.2019.02.02 .

136) IvyPanda. (2019). Organizing Function of Management. https://ivypanda.com/essays/organizing-function-ofmanagement.

137) Jabeen, F., & Isakovic, A. A. (2018). Examining The Impact Of Organizational Culture On Trust And Career Satisfaction In The UAE Public Sector: A Competing Values . Perspective Employee Relations, 1036-1053.

138) Jablin, F. M. (2001). Organizational Entry, Assimilation and Disengagement/Exit. In F. M. Jablin, & J. Putnam (Eds.), The New Handbook of Organizational Communication: Advances in Theory, Research and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 732-818. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/97.

139) Jermsittiparsert, K., & Urairak, B. (2019). ). Exploring The Nexus Between Emotional Dissonance, Leadership, Organisational Commitment, Job Satisfaction And Intention To Leave Among Medical Professionals In Thailand . Utopía Y Praxis Latinoamericana: Revista Internacional De Filosofía Iberoamericana, 378-386.

140) Jiatong, W., Z, W., Alam, A., Murad, M., Gul, F., & Gill, S. A. (2022). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Affective Organizational Commitment and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Employee Engagement. Front Psychology, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831060.

141) Johanson, C., & Miller, V. D. (2014). ). Conceptualizing Communicative Leadership: A Framework For Analysing And Developing Leaders’ Communication Competence. Corp. Commun., 147-165. doi: 10.1108/CCIJ-02-2013- 0007.

142) Karakas, F., & Sarigollu, E. (2012). Benevolent Leadership: Conceptualization And Construct Development. J. Bus. Ethics, 527-553.doi: 10.1007/s10551-011- 1109-1.

143) Keisu, B., Öhman A, .., & Enberg, B. (2018). Employee Effort - Reward Balance And First-Level Manager Transformational Leadership Within Elderly Care. Scand J Caring Sci, 407-416 doi: 10.1111/scs.12475.

144) Keyton, J. (2017). Communication in Organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 501-126. Doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113341.

145) King, N., Horrocks, C., & Brooks, J. M. (2019). Interviews in Qualitative Research (2nd ed.). , . Thousand Oak: SAGE Publications.

146) Kjellström, S. S., & Törnblom, O. (2020). Six Ways Of Understanding Leadership Development: An Exploration Of Increasing Complexity. Leadership, 434-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715020926731.

147) Klenke, K. (2016). Qualitative Research in the Study of Leadership (2nd ed.). g, . Bingley, England: Emerald Publishin.

148) Kodish, S. (2017). Communicating Organizational Trust: An Exploration of the Link Between Discourse and Action. International Journal of Business Communication , 347–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488414525464.

149) Koshhal, K., & Gutaya, S. (2016). Leaders Produce Leaders and Managers Produce Followers: A Systematic Review of the Desired Competencies and Standard Settings for Physicians’ Leadership. Saudi Medical Journal, 1061-1067. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2016.10.15620- 1067 .

150) Kremer, H. V., & Aguinis. (2019). Innovation Leadership: Best-Practice Recommendations For Promoting Employee Creativity, Voice, And Knowledge Sharing. Business Horizons, 65-74. DOI: 10.1016/J.BUSHOR.2018.08.010.

151) Kuria, G. N. (2020). Literature Review: Leader Communication Styles and Work Outcomes. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, , 1956-65 .

152) Leadership and Social Influence: An Expanded View of Leadership Communication Theory and Practice . (2016). Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 1-16.

153) Lee, Y., & Kim, J. (2021). Cultivating employee creativity through strategic internal communication: the role of leadership, symmetry, and feedback seeking behavior. Public Relation Rev., doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.

154) Lickona, T. (2014). Pendidikan Karakter. Panduan Lengkap Mendidik Siswa Menjadi Pintar Dan Baik. Terjemah oleh Lita S. . Bandung: Nusa Medi.

155) Likert, R. (1967). New Patterns of Management . New York. : McGraw-Hill.

156) Lisnawati, S. (2016). The Habituation of Behavior as Students’ Character Reinforcement in Global Era. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam , 413-428. Doi:10.15575/jpi.v2i3.852.

157) Mabrouk, D. (2018). Between Management and Leadership—A Comparative Study with Reference to (Sheikh Zayed AL Nahyan and Nelson Mandela). Open Journal of Social Sciences, 35-47. doi: 10.4236/jss.2018.69003.

158) Malik, D. (2019). Leadership Communication: Three Model Approaches. Poceeding of the Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes, 2018), 1-5. DOI:10.2991/sores-18.2019.95.

159) Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2006). Academic Resilience And Its Psychological And Educational Correlates: A Construct Validity Approach . Psychology in the Schools, 267-281.

160) Mayfiled, J., & Mayfield, M. (2017). Leadership Communication: Reflecting, Engaging, and Innovating, International Journal of Business Communication, 2017 Leadership Communication: Reflecting, Engaging, and Innovating. International Journal of Business Communication, 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488416675446.

161) McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (2006). Communication Correlates Of Perceived Machiavellianism Of Supervisors: Communication Orientations And Outcomes. Commun. Q., 127-142. doi: 10.1080/ 01463370600650829.

162) McCroskey, J., Heisel, A., & Richmond, V. (2001). Eysenck’s BIG THREE And Communication Traits: Three Correlational Studies. Commun. Monogr, 360-366. doi: 10.1080/03637750128068.

163) Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. : . Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA.

164) Moyo, N. (2019). Testing the Effect of Employee Engagement, Transformational Leadership and Organisational Communication on Organisational Commitment. Journal of Management and Marketing Review, 270-278. DOI:10.35609/jmmr.2019.4.4(6).

165) Muwagga, A. M., Genza, G. M., & Ssemulya, R. R. (2018). How Effective is the Diocesan Educational Leadership in Enhancing a Denominational Education Philosophy in Uganda? Reflections from Roman Catholic Schools in Greater Kampala (Uganda). American Journal of Educational Research, 88-95. doi: 10.12691/education-6-1-14.

166) Newcomb, T. M. (1953). An Approach to the Study of Communicative Acts. Psychological Review, 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0063098.

167) Ning, H. Y., Zhou, M. J., Lu, Q., & Wen, L. Q. (2012). Exploring Relationship Between Authority Leadership And Organizational Citizenship Behavior In China: The Role Of Collectivism. Chinese Management Studies, 231-244. doi: 10.1108/ 17506141211236677.

168) Northhouse, P. G. (2004). Leadership Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication.

169) Omilion-Hoges, L. M., & Baker, V. R. (2017). Communicating Leader-Member Relationship Quality: The Development Of Leader Communication Exchange Scales To Measure Relationship Building And Maintenance Through The Exchange Of Communication-Based Goods. Int. J. Bus. Commun, 115-145. doi: 10.1177/ 2329488416687052 .

170) Pace, R. W., & Faules, D. F. (2006). Komunikasi Organisasi – Strategi Meningkatkan Kinerja Perusahaan. . Bandung:: Remaja.

171) Permendiknas. (2007). ermendiknas No. 16 Tahun 2007 Tentang Standar Kualifikasi Akademik dan Kompetensi Guru.

172) Purwanto, N. A. (2019). Kepemimpinan Pendidikan "Kepala Sekolah Sebagai Manager dan Leader". Yogyakarta: Interlude.

173) Rabie, M. O., & Malek, M. A. (2020). Ethical Leadership And Employee Ethical Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Mechanisms . Seisense Journal of Management, 73-88.

174) Rabie, M., & Malek, M. A. (2020). Ethical Leadership And Employee Ethical Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Mechanisms. Seisense Journal of Management, 73-88. DOI:10.33215/sjom.v3i2.321.

175) Rakhmat, J. (2018). Psikologi Komunikasi. .Bandung: Simbiosa Rekatama Media.

176) Reynold, T. (2019). Psychological Reactance and Persuasive Health Communication: A Review of the Literature,,. Frontiers, https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2019.00056.

177) Riser, D. K., & Clarke, S. D. (2021). Learning From Teaching: Benefits of Peer Leadership for Peer Leaders in Psychology. . Teaching of Psychology , 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628320959952.

178) Robbins, S. P. (2013). Organizational Behavior. 15th Edition. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education Limited.

179) Rogala, A., & Bialowas, S. (2016). Theory of Communication: Evolution, Approaches, Models. In: Communication in Organizational Environments. Palgrave Macmillan, London, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-54703-3_1.

180) Ruben, B. D. (2016). Communication: Sine Qua Non Of Organizational Leadership Theory And Practice. Inty. J. Bus. Communication, 12-30. doi: 10.1177/2329488416675447.

181) Saldana, J. (2009). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. London: SAGE Publications.

182) Shao, H., Fu, H., Ge, Y., Jia, W., Li, Z., & Wang, J. (2022). Moderating Effects of Transformational Leadership, Affective Commitment, Job Performance, and Job Insecurity. Front Psychology, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.847147.

183) Shaw, K.-H., Tang, N., & Liao, H.-Y. (2020). Authoritarian-Benevolent Leadership, Moral Disengagement, and Follower Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior: An Investigation of the Effects of Ambidextrous Leadership. Frontiers in Psychology, Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00590.

184) Shin, Y. J. (2014). The Impact of Leader‘s Communication Style on the Conflict and Job Attitude in Ship Organization. J. of Korea Port Economic Association , 59-87.

185) Stokes, P. S. (2019). Resilience And The (Micro-) Dynamics Of Organizational Ambidexterity: Implications For Strategic HRM. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1287-1322.

186) Szeto, E., & Cheng, A. N. (2018). How Do Principals Practice Leadership For Social Justice In Diverse School Settings? A Hong Kong Case Study. Journal Of Educational Administration, 50-68. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-08-2016-0087.

187) Team, C. (2022). Hersey-Blanchard Model :Leadership Model That Focuses On The Ability And Willingness Of Individual Employees. Hersey-Blanchard Model - Overview, Leadership Style, and Downsides (corporatefinanceinstitute.com.

188) Thompson, G. &. (2018). Situational Leadership Theory: A Test from A Leader-Follower. Leadership & Organization Development, 374-391. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-01-2018-00.

189) Tomescu-Dumitrescu, C. (2016). Effective communication. Analele Universitatii “Constantin Brancusi” din Targu Jiu. Serie Litere si Stiinte Sociale, 39-51.

190) Touris, D., & Jackson, B. (2008). Communication and Leadership: An Open Invitation to Engage. In Leadership (pp. 219-225). Singapore: Sage Publication.

191) Tripathi, K. &. (2017). Communication Satisfaction Of Managers And Their Organizational Commitment In Automobile Sector. Int. Journal of Education and Management Studies, 326-331. doi:10.1038/srep43056.

192) Tripathi, K., & Agarwal, M. (2019). Communication Satisfaction Of Managers And Their Organizational Commitment In Automobile Sector . International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 326-331.

193) Unsar, S. (2014). Leadership and Communication: A Case from Glass Textile and Apparel Sector in Turky. Newyork amd London: Springer.

194) Verma, D. (2013). Communication: A Necessary Leadership Skill. Management Guru: Journal Of Management Research, 95-101.

195) Wang, Q., Hou, H., & Li, Z. (2022). Participative Leadership: A Literature Review and Prospects for Future Research. National Library of Medicine, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.924357.

196) Wanless, A., & Berk, M. (2022). Participatory Propaganda: The Engagement of Audiences in the Spread of Persuasive Communications. Semantic Scholar, 10.2478/9788366675612-009.

197) Widyanti, R. (2020). Do Leadership Style and Organizational Communication Increase to Organizational Commitment? Study Among Hospital Staff. HOLISTICA (J. of Bus. and Pub. Administration), 17=24. DOI:10.2478/hjbpa-2020-0016.

198) Wikaningrum, T., & Yunawan, U. A. (2018). The Relationships Among Leadership Styles, Communication Skills, And Employee Satisfaction: A Study On Equal Employment Opportunity In Leadership. J. of Bus. and Retail Manag. Research, 138-148.

199) Wirba, A. V. (2015). Leadership style: School perspective in Cameroon. Education Research International, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2015/439345.

200) Wirba, A. V. (2015). Leadership Style: School Perspective in Cameroon. Education Research International, 1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/439345.

201) Zakeer, A. K., Nawaz, A., & Irfan, K. (2016). Leadership Theories and Styles: A Literature Review . Journal of Resources Development and Management, 1-7.

202) Zhang, A., Tsui, A. S., & Wang, D. (2011). ). Leadership Behaviors And Group Creativity In Chinese Organizations: The Role Of Group Processes. Lead Q., 851-862. . doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.07.007.

203) Zhang, L. J. (2008). An Empirical Study on the Structure of Organizational Learning and Organizational Performance. 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, Santander, 189-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2008.72.

204) Anderson, A. C., & Mullin, J. (1994 ). Interactive communication between children: Learning how to make language work in dialogue. Journal of Child Language, 439-463. doi:10.1017/S030500090000934X.

205) Babalola, S. S. (2016). The Effect Of Leadership Style, Job Satisfaction And Employee-Supervisor Relationship On Job Performance And Organisational Commitment. Journal of Applied Business Research, 935-946. DOI:10.19030/JABR.V32I3.9667.

206) Bangerter, A., & Mayor, E. (2013). Interactional Theories Of Communication. doi: 10.1515/9783110240450.257.

207) Bans-Akutey, A., & Tiimub, B. M. (2021). Triangulation in Research . Academia Letters, https://doi.org/10.20935/AL3392.

208) Baxter, J. (2010). The Language of Female Leadership. New York-London: Palgrave Macmillan.

209) Begum, R., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2016). Task And Relationship Orientation Of Pakistani Managers And Working Professionals: The Interaction Effect Of Demographics In A Collective Culture. Public Organization Review, 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-015-0305-3.

210) Bell, R. L. (2019). Managerial Communication For Organizational Development. USA: Busines Expert Press, LLC.

211) Bogdan, R. C., & Beklen, S. K. (1982). Qualitative Research For Education: An. Introduction to Theory and Methods. Boston : Allyn and Bacon, Inc.

212) Brown, O. P.-A. (2019). Leader’s Communication Style, LMX And Organizational Commitment: A Study Of Employee Perceptions In Peru. Leadersh. Organ. Dev. J., 230-258.

213) Cardno, .. H., & Howse, J. (2018). Leadership Practices And Challenges In Managing Diversity To Achieve Ethnic Inclusion In Two Newzealand Secondary Schools. New Zealand Journal Of Educational Studies, 101-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40841-017-0096-x.

214) Chan, S. C., & Mak, W. M. (2012). Benevolent Leadership And Follower Performance: The Mediating Role Of LeaderMember Exchange (LMX). Asia Pacific. J. Manag., 285-301. doi: 10.1007/s10490-011-9275-3.

215) Chatman, J. &. (2020). The Leader as Effective Communicator.

216) Crisol-Moya, E. R.-L.-G.-H. (2022). Inclusive Leadership From the Family Perspective in Compulsory Education. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 226-245. doi: 10.7821/naer.2022.7.937.

217) Cusimano, S. S. (2020). The Objectivity of Organizational Functions. Acta Biotheor, 253- 269.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10441-019-09365-9.

218) Deluga, R. J., & Perry, J. T. (1991). The Relationship Of Subordinate Upward Influencing Behaviour, Satisfaction And Perceived Superior Effectiveness With Leader-Member Exchanges. J. Occupation Psychology, 239-252. doi: 10.1111/j.2044- 8325.1991.tb00557.x.

219) DeMatthews, D. (2021). Undoing Systems Of Exclusion: Exploring Inclusive Leadership And Systems Thinking In Two Inclusive Elementary Schools. Journal Of Educational Administration, 5-21. . https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2020- 0044.

220) Denzin, N. K. (1979). The Research Act: Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods Second edition. . New York: McGraw-Hill.

221) Destiyanti, I., & Setiana. (2020). ,. (2020). Habituation Behavior to Enhance Student Learning . IMCETE, doi: 10.2991/assehr.k.200303.072.

222) deVries, R. E., & Bakker-Pieper, A. (2009). Leadership = Communication? The Relational of Leader’ Commuinication Style with Leadership Styles, Knowledge Sharing and Leadership Outcome. J. Bus. Psychology, 367-380.

223) Duarte, E. G.-P., & Sampaio, D. (2019). Social Representations About the Functions of Deliberate Self-Harm: Construction and Validation of a Questionnaire for Portuguese. Adults. Behaviour Change, 12-28. doi:10.1017/bec.2018.22.

224) Elton, R., & Moore, A. (2021). Recognizing Typology in Historical Native American Leadership: Implications for Contemporary Praxes. Open Journal of Leadership, 257-276. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojl.2021.104017.

225) Elving, W. (2005). The role of communication in organisational change. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 129-138. Doi:10.1108/13563280510596943.

226) Fiaz, M. S. (2017). Leadership Styles And Employees’ Motivation: Perspective From An Emerging Economy. The Journal of Developing Areas, 143-156. doi:10.1353/jda.2017.0093.

227) FME, T. (2015). Leadership Theories (Leadership Skills). Dipetik Desember 28, 2020, dari Free Management Ebooks. www.free-management-ebooks.co.

228) Fu, J., Long, Y., He, Q., & Liu, Y. (2020). Can Ethical Leadership Improve Employees' Well-Being at Work? Another Side of Ethical Leadership Based on Organizational Citizenship Anxiety. Front Psychology, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01478.

229) Gamero-Burton, C., & Lassibille, G. (2018). Work Engagement Among School Directors And Its Impact On Teachers’ Behavior At Work. The Journal Of Developing Areas, 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2018.0020 .

230) Gibbs, W. J., & Bernas, R. S. (2008). Interactional And Structural Characteristics Of Communication And Social Interactions During Computer-Mediated Communication. J. Comput. Higherr Education, 3-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03033430.

231) Gumuslouglu, L. K.-A., & Scandura, T. A. (2017). A Multilevel Examination Of Benevolent Leadership And Innovative Behavior In R&D Contexts: A Social Identity Approach. Jounal of Leadership Organization Study, 479-493.doi: 10.1177/1548051817705810.

232) Gyltshen, L. (2020). A Study Examining the Influence of Principals’ Situational Leadership Practices on Teachers’ Organizational Commitment in Bhutan. . Journal of Educational and Human Resource Development, 127-138.

233) Hackman, M. Z., & Johnson, C. E. (2013). Leadership: Communication Perspective. Illinois: Waveland Press.

234) Heller, K. W., & Castelle, M. (1994). . Use of Dual Communication Boards with Students who are Deaf-Blind. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindnes, 368–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X9408800413.

235) Hoel, L., & Christensen, E. (2020). In-Field Training In The Police: Learning In An Ethical Grey Area?,. Journal of Workplace Learning, 62-79.DOI:10.1108/JWL-04-2020-0060.

236) Huang, S. Y., Li, M.-W., & Chang, T.-W. (2021). Transformational Leadership, Ethical Leadership, and Participative Leadership in Predicting Counterproductive Work Behaviors: Evidence From Financial Technology Firms. National Library of Medicine, DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658727.

237) Ilyash, O. Y. (2019). The Impact of Work Autonomy and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Communication. Journal of Business of Behaviour Studies in Organization, 10-17. hƩp://dx.doi.org/10.32038/JBSO.2019.02.02 .

238) IvyPanda. (2019). Organizing Function of Management. https://ivypanda.com/essays/organizing-function-ofmanagement.

239) Jabeen, F., & Isakovic, A. A. (2018). Examining The Impact Of Organizational Culture On Trust And Career Satisfaction In The UAE Public Sector: A Competing Values . Perspective Employee Relations, 1036-1053.

240) Jermsittiparsert, K., & Urairak, B. (2019). ). Exploring The Nexus Between Emotional Dissonance, Leadership, Organisational Commitment, Job Satisfaction And Intention To Leave Among Medical Professionals In Thailand . Utopía Y Praxis Latinoamericana: Revista Internacional De Filosofía Iberoamericana, 378-386.

241) Jiatong, W., Z, W., Alam, A., Murad, M., Gul, F., & Gill, S. A. (2022). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Affective Organizational Commitment and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Employee Engagement. Front Psychology, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831060.

242) Johanson et al., 2. J., & Hamrin, S. (2014). Conceptualizing communicative leadership: a framework for analysing and developing leaders’ communication competence . Corp. Commun., 147–165. doi: 10.1108/CCIJ-02-2013- 0.

243) Johanson, C., & Miller, V. D. (2014). ). Conceptualizing Communicative Leadership: A Framework For Analysing And Developing Leaders’ Communication Competence. Corp. Commun., 147-165. doi: 10.1108/CCIJ-02-2013- 0007.

244) Karakas, F., & Sarigollu, E. (2012). Benevolent Leadership: Conceptualization And Construct Development. J. Bus. Ethics, 527-553.doi: 10.1007/s10551-011- 1109-1.

245) Keisu, B., Öhman A, .., & Enberg, B. (2018). Employee Effort - Reward Balance And First-Level Manager Transformational Leadership Within Elderly Care. Scand J Caring Sci, 407-416 doi: 10.1111/scs.12475.

246) Keyton, J. (2017). Communication in Organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 501-126. Doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113341.

247) King, N., Horrocks, C., & Brooks, J. M. (2019). Interviews in Qualitative Research (2nd ed.). , . Thousand Oak: SAGE Publications.

248) Kjellström, S. S., & Törnblom, O. (2020). Six Ways Of Understanding Leadership Development: An Exploration Of Increasing Complexity. Leadership, 434-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715020926731.

249) Klenke, K. (2016). Qualitative Research in the Study of Leadership (2nd ed.). g, . Bingley, England: Emerald Publishin.

250) Kodish, S. (2017). Communicating Organizational Trust: An Exploration of the Link Between Discourse and Action. International Journal of Business Communication , 347–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488414525464.

251) Koshhal, K., & Gutaya, S. (2016). Leaders Produce Leaders and Managers Produce Followers: A Systematic Review of the Desired Competencies and Standard Settings for Physicians’ Leadership. Saudi Medical Journal, 1061-1067. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2016.10.15620- 1067 .

252) Kremer, H. V., & Aguinis. (2019). Innovation Leadership: Best-Practice Recommendations For Promoting Employee Creativity, Voice, And Knowledge Sharing. Business Horizons, 65-74. DOI: 10.1016/J.BUSHOR.2018.08.010.

253) Kuria, G. N. (2020). Literature Review: Leader Communication Styles and Work Outcomes. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, , 1956-65 .

254) Lee, Y. a. (2021). Cultivating employee creativity through strategic internal communication: the role of leadership, symmetry, and feedback seeking behavior. Public Relation Rev., doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.

255) Likert, R. (1967). New Patterns of Management . New York. : McGraw-Hill.

256) Lisnawati, S. (2016). The Habituation of Behavior as Students’ Character Reinforcement in Global Era. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam , 413-428. Doi:10.15575/jpi.v2i3.852.

257) Mabrouk, D. (2018). Between Management and Leadership—A Comparative Study with Reference to (Sheikh Zayed AL Nahyan and Nelson Mandela). Open Journal of Social Sciences, 35-47. doi: 10.4236/jss.2018.69003.

258) Malik, D. (2019). Leadership Communication: Three Model Approaches. Poceeding of the Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes, 2018), 1-5. DOI:10.2991/sores-18.2019.95.

259) Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2006). Academic Resilience And Its Psychological And Educational Correlates: A Construct Validity Approach . Psychology in the Schools, 267-281.

260) Mayfiled, J., & Mayfield, M. (2017). Leadership Communication: Reflecting, Engaging, and Innovating, International Journal of Business Communication, 2017 Leadership Communication: Reflecting, Engaging, and Innovating. International Journal of Business Communication, 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488416675446.

261) McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (2006). Communication Correlates Of Perceived Machiavellianism Of Supervisors: Communication Orientations And Outcomes. Commun. Q., 127-142. doi: 10.1080/ 01463370600650829.

262) McCroskey, J., Heisel, A., & Richmond, V. (2001). Eysenck’s BIG THREE And Communication Traits: Three Correlational Studies. Commun. Monogr, 360-366. doi: 10.1080/03637750128068.

263) Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. : . Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA.

264) Moyo, N. (2019). Testing the Effect of Employee Engagement, Transformational Leadership and Organisational Communication on Organisational Commitment. Journal of Management and Marketing Review, 270-278. DOI:10.35609/jmmr.2019.4.4(6).

265) Muwagga, A. M., Genza, G. M., & Ssemulya, R. R. (2018). How Effective is the Diocesan Educational Leadership in Enhancing a Denominational Education Philosophy in Uganda? Reflections from Roman Catholic Schools in Greater Kampala (Uganda). American Journal of Educational Research, 88-95. doi: 10.12691/education-6-1-14.

266) Newcomb, T. M. (1953). An Approach to the Study of Communicative Acts. Psychological Review, 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0063098.

267) Ning, H. Y., Zhou, M. J., Lu, Q., & Wen, L. Q. (2012). Exploring Relationship Between Authority Leadership And Organizational Citizenship Behavior In China: The Role Of Collectivism. Chinese Management Studies, 231-244. doi: 10.1108/ 17506141211236677.

268) Northhouse, P. G. (2004). Leadership Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication.

269) Omilion-Hoges, L. M., & Baker, V. R. (2017). Communicating Leader-Member Relationship Quality: The Development Of Leader Communication Exchange Scales To Measure Relationship Building And Maintenance Through The Exchange Of Communication-Based Goods. Int. J. Bus. Commun, 115-145. doi: 10.1177/ 2329488416687052 .

270) Permendiknas. (2007). Permendiknas No. 16 Tahun 2007 Tentang Standar Kualifikasi Akademik dan Kompetensi Guru.

271) Purwanto, N. A. (2019). Kepemimpinan Pendidikan "Kepala Sekolah Sebagai Manager dan Leader". Yogyakarta: Interlude.

272) Rabie, M. O., & Malek, M. A. (2020). Ethical Leadership And Employee Ethical Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Mechanisms . Seisense Journal of Management, 73-88.

273) Rakhmat, J. (2018). Psikologi Komunikasi. .Bandung: Simbiosa Rekatama Media.

274) Reynold, T. (2019). Psychological Reactance and Persuasive Health Communication: A Review of the Literature,,. Frontiers, https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2019.00056.

275) Riser, D. K., & Clarke, S. D. (2021). Learning From Teaching: Benefits of Peer Leadership for Peer Leaders in Psychology. . Teaching of Psychology , 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628320959952.

276) Robbins, S. P. (2013). Organizational Behavior. 15th Edition. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education Limited.

277) Rogala, A., & Bialowas, S. (2016). Theory of Communication: Evolution, Approaches, Models. In: Communication in Organizational Environments. Palgrave Macmillan, London, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-54703-3_1.

278) Ruben, B. D. (2016). Communication: Sine Qua Non Of Organizational Leadership Theory And Practice. Inty. J. Bus. Communication, 12-30. doi: 10.1177/2329488416675447.

279) Saldana, J. (2009). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. London: SAGE Publications.

280) Shao, H., Fu, H., Ge, Y., Jia, W., Li, Z., & Wang, J. (2022). Moderating Effects of Transformational Leadership, Affective Commitment, Job Performance, and Job Insecurity. Front Psychology, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.847147.

281) Shaw, K.-H., Tang, N., & Liao, H.-Y. (2020). Authoritarian-Benevolent Leadership, Moral Disengagement, and Follower Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior: An Investigation of the Effects of Ambidextrous Leadership. Frontiers in Psychology, Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00590.

282) Shin, Y. J. (2014). The Impact of Leader‘s Communication Style on the Conflict and Job Attitude in Ship Organization. J. of Korea Port Economic Association , 59-87.

283) Stokes, P. S. (2019). Resilience And The (Micro-) Dynamics Of Organizational Ambidexterity: Implications For Strategic HRM. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1287-1322.

284) Szeto, E., & Cheng, A. N. (2018). How Do Principals Practice Leadership For Social Justice In Diverse School Settings? A Hong Kong Case Study. Journal Of Educational Administration, 50-68. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-08-2016-0087.

285) Team, C. (2022). Hersey-Blanchard Model :Leadership Model That Focuses On The Ability And Willingness Of Individual Employees. Hersey-Blanchard Model - Overview, Leadership Style, and Downsides (corporatefinanceinstitute.com.

286) Thompson, G. &. (2018). Situational Leadership Theory: A Test from A Leader-Follower. Leadership & Organization Development, 374-391. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-01-2018-00.

287) Tomescu-Dumitrescu, C. (2016). Effective communication. Analele Universitatii “Constantin Brancusi” din Targu Jiu. Serie Litere si Stiinte Sociale, 39-51.

288) Touris, D., & Jackson, B. (2008). Communication and Leadership: An Open Invitation to Engage. In Leadership (pp. 219-225). Singapore: Sage Publication.

289) Tripathi, K. (2017). Communication Satisfaction Of Managers And Their Organizational Commitment In Automobile Sector. Int. Journal of Education and Management Studies, 326-331. doi:10.1038/srep43056.

290) Tripathi, K., & Agarwal, M. (2019). Communication Satisfaction Of Managers And Their Organizational Commitment In Automobile Sector . International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 326-331.

291) Unsar, S. (2014). Leadership and Communication: A Case from Glass Textile and Apparel Sector in Turky. Newyork amd London: Springer.

) Verma, D. (2013). Communication: A Necessary Leadership Skill. Management Guru: Journal Of Management Research, 95-101.

293) Wang, Q., Hou, H., & Li, Z. (2022). Participative Leadership: A Literature Review and Prospects for Future Research. National Library of Medicine, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.924357.

294) Wanless, A., & Berk, M. (2022). Participatory Propaganda: The Engagement of Audiences in the Spread of Persuasive Communications. Semantic Scholar, 10.2478/9788366675612-009.

295) Widyanti, R. (2020). Do Leadership Style and Organizational Communication Increase to Organizational Commitment? Study Among Hospital Staff. HOLISTICA (J. of Bus. and Pub. Administration), 17=24. DOI:10.2478/hjbpa-2020-0016.

296) Wikaningrum, T., & Yunawan, U. A. (2018). The Relationships Among Leadership Styles, Communication Skills, And Employee Satisfaction: A Study On Equal Employment Opportunity In Leadership. J. of Bus. and Retail Manag. Research, 138-148.

297) Wirba, A. V. (2015). Leadership style: School perspective in Cameroon. Education Research International, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2015/439345.

298) Wirba, A. V. (2015). Leadership Style: School Perspective in Cameroon. Education Research International, 1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/439345.

299) Zakeer, A. K., Nawaz, A., & Irfan, K. (2016). Leadership Theories and Styles: A Literature Review . Journal of Resources Development and Management, 1-7.

300) Zhang, A., Tsui, A. S., & Wang, D. (2011). ). Leadership Behaviors And Group Creativity In Chinese Organizations: The Role Of Group Processes. Lead Q., 851-862. . doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.07.007.

301) Zhang, L. J. (2008). An Empirical Study on the Structure of Organizational Learning and Organizational Performance. 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, Santander, 189-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2008.72.

VOlUME 06 ISSUE 01 JANUARY 2023

Indexed In

Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar