¹Maha Elsinbawi,²Donna Wolosin

¹MPA, MA in Human Behavior, National University, San Diego. Maha Elsinbawi is currently a research coordinator at California State University Sacramento.

ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4689-7015

LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/maha-s-00545479

²PhD, Adjunct Faculty, National University, San Diego. Dr. Donna Wolosin is also a lecturer at San Diego

ORCID ID : 0000-0003-2109-650x

LinkedIn:www.linkedin.com/in/donna-wolosin-phd-0595371

DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i2-31

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ABSTRACT

The study provided an overview of the various effects of multiculturalism on society’s tolerance to accept others different than themselves. This phenomenon is increasing due to geopolitical factors and changes in immigration, which have created more multicultural, super diverse, and convivial societies. It explored the effects of immigration on individual tolerance. Aiming for a global input, data was collected from 44 countries. Participants (N = 601), both female and male immigrants and nonimmigrants, completed a 52-item religious tolerance survey. Although tolerance has been defined in several ways and measured dissimilarly, this study focused on three aspects of tolerance: factor 1: Tolerance involves ethical behavior that must ensure respect and coexistence and emphasizes living differently and yet peacefully with others; factor 2: Tolerance involves reasonable arguments and free discussions that lead to the truth and factor 3: Tolerance implies a spectrum of behavior that leads to the acceptance of differences and respects the freedom of others’ choices. A t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test gender differences on the three factors of tolerance. Females were shown to be significantly more tolerant than males.

KEYWORDS:

gender, tolerance, immigration, multi-religious, multiculturalism, social homogeneity, diversity.

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