¹Aziz Driouch,²Mohamed Elghazi

^1,2Department of English Studies, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000,Morocco.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i2-71

Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT

Language contact has been one of the most interest-arousing disciplines for linguists, especially sociolinguists. The study of language contact explores mainly the nature and the outcome of the contact between languages or varieties in a bi- /multilingual setting. When speakers of different languages interact, they may use different varieties back and forth to convey and communicate their messages. This reciprocal interchange between two languages or varieties is called code-switching (CS hereafter). The present study attempts to document the nature of code switching between Amazigh and Arabic in the Amazigh radio discourse. The data of the study consists of three radio talk-shows that were aired in two different Amazigh radio broadcasts, so the source language is supposed to be Amazigh. The Amazigh variety involved in the talk-shows is Tashelhit as all the participants come from the Souss region where this variety is used. Therefore, we investigated the intervention of Arabic into the Amazigh discourse through CS. An integrated approach with both qualitative (structural analysis) and quantitative (frequency distribution) methods of analysis was adopted for the purpose of this paper. The results of the study reveal that the rate of Amazigh-Arabic CS is very high. It takes place at different discourse boundaries and involves various syntactic categories. It seems to be a natural linguistic behavior among Amazigh bilinguals. Besides, the analysis demonstrates that both Arabic and Amazigh interchange the role of matrix language (ML) and embedded language (EL) in the light of Myers-Scotton Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model (1993).

KEYWORDS:

Code-switching, frequency, conversational patterns, structural constraints.

REFERENCES

1) Aabi, M. 1999. The Syntax of Morrocan Arabic/French and Moroccan Arabic/Standard Arabic Codeswitching. Ph. D. Diss., Department of English Language and Linguistics. University of Sheffield.

2) Abbassi, A. 1977. A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Multilingualism in Morocco. Ph. D.

3) Diss., University of Texas, Austin.

4) Abdulaziz, A. (2012). Code Switching Between Tamazight and Arabic in the First Libyan Berber News Broadcast: An Application of Myers-Scotton's MLF and 4M Models. Portland State University. Unpublished MA thesis. 2014.

5) Akfir, M., Akfir .A & El Habib, A. (2015). Code-switching in Morocco: Acceptances or Refusals?, in Enam Al‐Wer et al (ed,). Proceedings of the Eight International Conference AIDA. Colchester, UK, 2008. pp. 88-95.

6) Auer, J.C.P. 1995. The pragmatics of code-switching: a sequential approach. In One speaker, two languages: Crossdisciplinary perspectives on code-switching, ed. L. Milroy and P. Muysken, 115-250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

7) Bentahila, A., & Davies, E. E. (1983). The syntax of Arabic-French code-switching. Lingua, 59(4), 301-330. Gumperz, John .J.(1976). The sociolinguistic significance of conversational code-switching. Working Papers of the Language Behavior Research Laboratory, No. 46. Berkeley: University of California.

8) Bentahila, A., and Davies, Eileen D. (1991). Constraints on code-switching: a look beyond grammar. In Papers for the Symposium on Code-Switching and Bilingual Studies: Theory, Significance and Perspective, Barcelona, pp. 396-404. Strasbourg: ESF.

9) Boztepe, E. (2005). Issues in code-switching: competing theories and models. Teachers College, Columbia University Working Papers in TESOL & Applied Linguistics, 3(2).

10) Driouch, A. (2019). Code-switching between Amazigh and Arabic in Amazigh Radio Talk-shows: A Structural and Functional Perspective. (unpublished thesis). Ibn Zohr University.

11) El Salman, M (2007). Amazigh-Arabic Code-Switching in Nador (Morocco). Language and Linguistics Journal. Aspects of Amazigh (Berber) Linguistics. Morocco.

12) Fishman, J. A. (1971). Sociolinguistics: a brief introduction. 2. pr. Rowley, Mass.

13) Fishman, J. A. (red.) (1999). Handbook of language & ethnic identity. New York: Oxford University Press.

14) Gardner-Chloros, Penelope (2009). Code-switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

15) Gimode, J.K. (2015). A Socio-pragmatic and Stractural Analisis od Code-Switching Among the Logoli Speech Community of Kangemi, Nairobi, Kenya. Unpublished PhD dissertation. University of South Africa.

16) Gumperz, J. J. (1977). The sociolinguistic significance of conversational code-switching. RELC Journal, 8(2), 1-34.

17) Gumperz, J.J. 1982. Conversational code-switching in discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

18) Heath, J. (1989). From code-switching to borrowing: a case study of Moroccan Arabic, Library of Arabic Linguistics, Monograph 9, London: Kegan Paul International.

19) Heller, M. (2007). Bilingualism: A social approach. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

20) Kachru, B.B. (1977). Code-switching as a communicative strategy in India. In Linguistics and Anthropology, M. Kamwangamalu, N. K. 2010. Multiligualism and codeswitching in education. In Sociolinguistics and language education. New perspectives on language education, ed. Hornbeger, N. H. and S. Lee Mckay, 116-142. Salisbury: UK. Sociology of Language. Vol. 74: 47-54.

21) Kossmann, M. (2012). Berber-Arabic code-switching in Imouzzar du Kandar (Morocco). Leiden. STUF, Akademie Verlag, 65 (2012) 4, 367–380.

22) Lipski, J. M. (1977). Code-switching and the problem of bilingual competence. In The fourth LACUS forum, M. Paradise (ed.). Columbia, SC: Hornbeam Press.

23) Li, W. (Ed.). (2000). The bilingualism reader. Routledge. Lilama Network. Linguistic Policy for the Labour Market. (2011). Australian Government’s National Policy on Languages (NPL).

24) MacSwan, J. 2004. Code-switching and grammatical theory. In The handbook of bilingualism, eds. T. Bhatia and W. Ritchie, 283-303. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

25) Milroy, L., and Muysken, P. (1995). One speaker, two languages, cross-disciplinary perspectives on codeswitching. Cambridge University Press.

26) Muysken, P. (2000). Bilingual speech. A typology of code-switching. Oxford: Cambridge University Press.

27) Myers-Scotton, C. (1993). Social Motivation for Codeswitching. Oxford Studies in Language Contact. New York, Oxford: University of Oxford Press.

28) Myers-Scotton, C. (1998). A theoretical introduction to the markedness model. Codes and consequences: Choosing linguistic varieties, 18-38.

29) Myers-Scotton, C. (2002). Contact linguistics: Bilingual encounters and grammatical outcomes. Oxford University Press. Oxford. New York.

30) Nait M’Barek, M. , and Sankoff D. (1988). Le discours mixte arabe/français: emprunts ou alternances de langue? Canadian Journal of Linguistics 33(2). 143-154

31) Pfaff, C. W. (1976). Functional and structural constraints on syntactic variation in code-switching. In Papers from the Para session on diachronic syntax, B. Steever et al. (eds.), pp.248-59. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.

32) Poplack, S. (1981). Syntactic structure and social function. In Latin language and communicative behavior, R.P. Duran (ed.), pp.169-84, Norwood, N.J.: Ablex

33) Poplack, S. (1983). Intergenerational variation in language use and structure in a bilingual context. Multilingual Matters, 8, 42-70.

34) Poplack, S. (2001). Code-switching (linguistic). International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences, 2062- 2065. Redouane, R. (2005). Linguistic constraints on codeswitching and codemixing of bilingual Moroccan Arabic-French speakers in Canada. In ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism (pp. 1921-1933).

35) Wardhaugh, R. (2010). An introduction to sociolinguistics. 6. ed. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell.

36) Ziamari, K. (2006) «La construction SN dyal SN en code switching AM/FR: Les failles du Matrix language frame », in Salah Mejri (ed.): L’arabe dialectal: Enquêtes, descriptions, interprétations, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference AIDA, Hammamet: Publications de Centre des Etudes et des Recherches Economiques et Sociales, pp. 499- 509.

VOlUME 06 ISSUE 02 FEBRUARY 2023