Supriyanto

Indonesian Police Officer, Polda Metro Jaya, Jakarta

DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i6-65

Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT

Most Indonesians today are still trapped in a patriarchal culture, especially when it comes to sexual harassment cases. Where it is assumed that women victims of sexual harassment (women victims) play a “main role” in inviting the perpetrators of crime, beginning with the victim's clothing, behavior, and even their sexuality is considered seductive. Not only are the perpetrators punished, but the victim is blamed or blames the perpetrators. This article employs several paradigms and reveals its discussion in viewing cases of blaming the victims in sexual harassment cases in Indonesia, such as: (1) conducting studies based on muted group theory or silent group theory; (2) the mass media plays a role as a form of public opinion on rape cases with denotative editorial meaning, which leads to the theory of gender feminism; and (3) massive behavior of blaming sexual harassment victims in order to save victims from their example, and strive for the government is urged to be serious and responsive in addressing the problem of sexual violence, as well as to build a literate society in guarding all forms of narratives against female victims in cases of sexual violence, in order to reduce victim blaming, which harms the victim both physically and mentally.

KEYWORDS:

sexual harassment, women, victims, victim blaming

REFERENCES

Book
1) Abdussalam. (2010). Victimology. Jakarta: PTIK

2) A. G. Johnson. 2015. The Gender Knot: Unravelling Our Patriarchal Legacy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

3) Archi, S. (2007). Bahan Ajar Hak Perempuan: UU No. 7 Tahun 1984 Pengesahan Konvensi Mengenai Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan. Jakarta: UI & Yayasan Obor.

4) Arifin, Nurul. 2001. Wajah Perempuan dalam Media Massa. UNISBA Bandung: Mediator, Jurnal Komunikasi.

5) Bostaph, L. M. (2016). Victimology Crime Victimization and Victim Services. New York: Wolters Kluwer.

6) Brooks, A. (2008). Posfeminisme & Cultural Studies. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.

7) Bungin, B. (2005). Pornomedia. Jakarta: Prenada Media.

8) Burgess, A. W. (2013). Victimology Theories and Applications. Burlington: Jones and Barlett Learning.

9) Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson.

10) Diagle, L. E. (2016). Victimology. Los Angeles: SAGE.

11) Doener, W. G. (2012). Victimology. Boston: Elsevier.

12) Eriyanto. (2001). Analisis Wacana. Yogyakarta: LkiS.

13) Firdaus, A. (2005). Sindrom Iri Penis: Sketsa Kritik Nalar Feminisme. Surabaya: Pinggir Indonesia.

14) Fiske, J. (1990). Cultural and Communication Studies: Sebuah Pengantar Paling Komprehensif. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.

15) Foucault, M. (2008). Ingin Tahu: Sejarah Seksualitas. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

16) Gamble, S. (2004). Pengantar Memahami Feminisme dan Postfeminisme. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.

17) Gosita, A. (1985). Masalah Korban Kejahatan. Jakarta: Akademika Presindo.

18) Griffin, E. 2003. A First Look at Communication Theory: Fifth Edition. New York: McGraw Hill Edition of Higher Education.

19) Hartley, J. (2004). Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge.

20) Mansur, D. M. (2010). Urgensi Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan. Bandung: Refika Aditama. 21) McDevitt, J. (2003). Victimology a Study of Crime Victims and Their Roles. London: Prentice Hall.

22) Prabasmoro, A. P. (2006). Kajian Budaya Feminis: Tubuh, Sastra dan Budaya Pop. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.

23) Saul, J. M. (2003). Feminism: Issues and Arguments. USA: Oxford University Press.

24) Sofia, A. (2009). Aplikasi Kritik Sastra Feminis: Perempuan dalam Karya-Karya Kuntowijoyo. Yogyakarta: Citra Pustaka.

25) Sorensen, A. S., & Krolokke, C. (2006). Gender Communication Theories and Analysis. California: Sage Publication.

26) Tong, R. P. (2010). Feminist Thought: Pengantar Paling Komprehensif kepada Aliran Utama Pemikiran Feminis. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.

27) Waluyo, B. (2011). Viktimologi Perlindungan Korban dan Saksi. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.

Journal
1) Ekandari, Mustaqfirin, & Faturochman. (2001). Perkosaan, Dampak, dan Alternatif Penyembuhannya. Jurnal Psikologi 1(1), 1-18.

2) Gravelin, C. R., Biernat, M., & Bucher, C. E. (2019). Blaming the Victim of Acquaintance Rape: Individual, Situational, and Sociocultural Factors. Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 9, 1-22.

3) Harber, K. D., Podolski, P., & Williams, C. H. (2015). Emotional Disclosure and Victim Blaming. American Psychological Association, 1(1), 1-12.

4) Musta'in. (2013). Sisi Lain Perempuan dalam Sosrotan Media: Tinjauan Teori Kelompok Bungkam (Muted Group Theory-MGT). JSGI, Vol. 04, No.01 Agustus, 65-73.

5) Randall, M. (2010). Sexual Assault Law, Credibility, and "Ideal Victims": Consent, Resistance, and Victim Blaming. CJWL/RFD, Vol. 22, 388-433.

6) Sandiata, B. (2018). Perempuan Berhadapan dengan Hukum Refleksi Penggunaan Pasal 284 dan 285 KUHP dalam Pengalaman Pendamping Hukum. Jurnal Perempuan, Vol. 23, No. 2, Mei, 117-127.

7) Stahl, T., Eek, D., & Kazami, A. (2010). Rape Victime Blaming as System Justification: The Role of Gender and Activation of Complementary Stereotypes. Soc Just Res, 23, 239-258.

8) Thacker, L. K., & Day, L. (2017). Rape Culture, Victim Blaming and the Role of Media in the Criminal Justice System. Kentucky Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship, Vol.1 Issue 1 Article 8, 89-99.

9) Toro, R. D. (2017). The Influence of Moral Values and Victim Typicality on Victim Blame in Intimate Partner Violence Cases. Yale Review of Undergraduated Reerach in Psychology, Vol. 2, 1-15.

Internet
1) Akademisi Desak RUU Kekerasan Seksual Segera Diratifikasi. From
https://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/19/01/23/pls51q349-akademisi-desak-ruu-kekerasan-seksualsegera-diratifikasi

2) Agni: Nyala Api Bagi Perempuan Korban Kekerasan Seksual. From https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/agni-nyala-apibagi-perempuan-korban-kekerasan-seksual/4776712.html

3) Budaya Victim Blaming di Indonesia, Apakah Itu? From http://captivate.id/captivating/budaya-victim-blaming-apakah-itu/

4) Indonesia Darurat Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan. From https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/indonesia-darurat-kekerasanterhadap-perempuan/3324692.html

5) Jurnal Perempuan. Feminisme Gelombang Ketiga. From https://www.jurnalperempuan.org/wacana
-feminis/feminismegelombang-ketiga

6) Kuatnya budaya victim blaming hambat gerakan #MeToo di Indonesia. From
http://theconversation.com/kuatnyabudaya-victim-blaming-hambat-gerakan-metoo-di-indonesia-107455

7) Lembar Fakta dan Poin Kunci Catatan Tahunan Komnas Perempuan Tahun 2019. From
https://www.komnasperempuan.go.id/read-news-lembar-fakta-dan-poin-kunci-catatan-tahunan-komnas-perempuan-tahun-2019

8) Mengapa kita tak membicarakan Yuyun, remaja yang mati diperkosa 14 pemuda? From
https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah/2016/05/160502_trensosial_yuyun

9) Siaran Pers Catatan Tahunan (CATAHU) Komnas Perempuan 2019. From
https://www.komnasperempuan.go.id/readnews-siaran-pers-catatan-tahunan-catahu-komnas-perempuan-2019

VOlUME 06 ISSUE 06 JUNE 2023