Volume 07 Issue 11 November 2024
1Hayder Ali Kadhim Alfatlawi, 2Ahmed Ali Khudhair Mesbah
1University of Karabuk, Turkey
2University of Kufa, Iraq
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i11-65Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT
The aim of the research was to measure the essential impact of psychological capital with its combined dimensions (confidence, optimism, flexibility, hope) in improving the performance of employees in the Oil Products Distribution Company, Karbala branch. An electronic questionnaire was designed to collect data consisting of (36) paragraphs for a random sample, and the respondents (82) employees, and to analyse for SPSS V.23 program. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which is the presence of a positive moral impact of psychological capital with its combined dimensions in improving the performance of employees in the Oil Products Distribution Company at a significance of 0.05, there is a significant moral impact of the independent variable dimension (hope) on the performance of employees. In light of the results reached by the study, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: Providing training opportunities and workshops that enable employees to learn new skills and develop their capabilities, providing information about the organization's goals and current developments in a transparent manner, encouraging employees to present new ideas and try innovative solutions in a way that enhances their sense of hope.
KEYWORDS:Psychological Capital; Employee Performance; Companies; Iraq
REFERENCES1) Adams, V.H., Snyder, C.R., Rand, K.L., King, E.A., Sigman, D.R. and Pulvers, K.M. (2002). Hope in the Workplace. In: Giacolone, R. and Jurkiewicz, C., Eds., Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Organization Performance, Sharpe, New York, 367-377.
2) Aissa, G., & Fouzi, M.(2018). The Role of Psychological Capital in Improving Job Performance of the organization.
3) Al-Azzawi, Sahar Ahmed Karaji, Musa, Sabah Mohammed.(2015). The Impact of Psychological Capital on the Strategic Performance of Human Resources Management, Journal of Management and Economics, Volume 38, Issue 105.
4) Al-Badri, H. D. S., & Nemati, M. (2023).The legal framework for assigning and exempting senior leadership positions. Journal of college of Law for Legal and Political Sciences, 12(44/part2).
5) Alfatlawi, H. A. K., & Alsaedi, W. K. A. (2023). Impact of curriculum standards Six Sigma in improving the quality of banking service: An applied study of a sample of Islamic banks in Iraq. Revista iberoamericana de psicología del ejercicio y el deporte, 18(6), 626-633.
6) Ali, K., Burgos, D., & Affouneh, S. (2023). Educational Loss at Times of Crisis: The Role of Games in Students’ Learning in Palestine and Iraq. Sustainability, 15(6), 4983.
7) Avey, J. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011).Meta‐analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human resource development quarterly, 22(2), 127-152.
8) Ballout, H. I. (2009). Career commitment and career success: moderating role of self‐efficacy. Career Development International, 14(7), 655-670.
9) Bandura, A. (2008). An agentic perspective on positive psychology. Positive psychology, 1, 167-196.
10) Baron, R. A., Franklin, R. J., & Hmieleski, K. M. (2016). Why entrepreneurs often experience low, not high, levels of stress: The joint effects of selection and psychological capital. Journal of management, 42(3), 742-768.
11) Bonanno, G. A. (2008). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events?.
12) Caprara, G. V., & Cervone, D. (2003). A conception of personality for a psychology of human strengths: Personality as an agentic, self-regulating system.
13) Carver, C. S., Smith, R. G., Antoni, M. H., Petronis, V. M., Weiss, S., & Derhagopian, R. P. (2005). Optimistic personality and psychosocial well-being during treatment predict psychosocial well-being among long-term survivors of breast cancer. Health psychology, 24(5), 508.
14) Çetin, F., & Basım, H. N. (2012). Örgütsel psikolojik sermaye: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 45(1), 121-137.
15) Chen, P. L., Lin, C. H., Lin, I. H., & Lo, C. O. (2023).The mediating effects of psychological capital and academic self-efficacy on learning outcomes of college freshmen. Psychological Reports, 126(5), 2489-2510.
16) Cooper, C. L., & Nelson, D. (2007).Positive organizational behavior. Positive organizational behavior, 1-240
17) Coutu, D. L. (2002). How resilience works. Harvard business review, 80(5), 46-56.
18) De Hoe, R., & Janssen, F. (2016). Le capital psychologique permet-il d’apprendre et de rebondir face à un échec entrepreneurial? Management international, 20(2), 18-28
19) Durrah, O., Alhamoud, A., & Khan, K. (2016). Positive psychological capital and job performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. International Scientific Researches Journal, 72(7), 214-225.
20) Forbes, D. P. (2005).The effects of strategic decision making on entrepreneurial self–efficacy. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(5), 599-626.
21) Fu, L., & Charoensukmongkol, P. (2022). Benefits of psychological capital on host country nationals’ support and burnout of Chinese expatriates in Thailand: the moderating effect of personal characteristics. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 14(3), 265-284.
22) Gohel, K. (2012). Psychological capital as a determinant of employee satisfaction
23) Herbert, M. (2011). An exploration of the relationships between psychological capital (hope, optimism, self-efficacy, resilience), occupational stress, burnout and employee engagement (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).
24) Hmieleski, K. M., & Carr, J. C. (2007).The relationship between entrepreneur psychological capital and well-being. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research.
25) Hmieleski, K. M., & Carr, J. C. (2008).The relationship between entrepreneur psychological capital and new venture performance. Frontiers of entrepreneurship research.
26) Kamal Kazim Taher Al-Hasani. (2013). Psychological CapitalAnd its effectIn job absorptionAl-Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Al-Muthanna University, Issue 6, Volume 3.
27) Kappagoda, U. W. M. R., Othman, P., Zainul, H., & Alwis, G. (2014). The impact of psychological capital on job performance: Development of a conceptual framework. Dr. Hohd. Zainul and Alwis, Gamini, The Impact of Psychological Capital on Job Performance: Development of a Conceptual Framework (June 1, 2014). European Journal of Business and Management.
28) Kelaiwy, L. K. (2022). A spatial analysis for the phenomenon of financial and administrative corruption in Iraq and its political and economic effects. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 14(4).
29) Khalil Ismail Ibrahim Madi. (2014). “Quality of Work Life and Its Impact on Employees’ Job Performance: An Applied Study on Palestinian Universities”, PhD Thesis in Business Administration, Faculty of Commerce, Ismailia, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
30) Kim, M., Perrewé, P. L., Kim, Y. K., & Kim, A. C. H. (2017). Psychological capital in sport organizations: Hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism among employees in sport (HEROES). European Sport Management Quarterly, 17(5), 659-680.
31) Luthans, F., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2017). Psychological capital: An evidence-based positive approach. Annual review of organizational psychology and organizational behavior, 4, 339-366.
32) Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., & Patera, J. L. (2008).Experimental analysis of a web-based training intervention to develop positive psychological capital. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 7(2), 209-221.
33) Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., & Peterson, S. J. (2010). The development and resulting performance impact of positive psychological capital. Human resource development quarterly, 21(1), 41-67.
34) Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Norman, S. M., & Combs, G. M. (2006). Psychological capital development: toward a micro‐intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 27(3), 387-393.
35) Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American psychologist, 56(3), 227.
36) Melki, J., Kozman, C., Mellado, C., Elórtegui, C., So, C. Y., Movahedian, M., ...& Farhat, S. (2022). Selective exposure during uprisings: A comparative study of news uses in Chile, Hong Kong, Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon. International Communication Gazette, 17480485221144582.
37) Mohamed Fawzy Amin Al-Bardan. (2017). The role of psychological capital as a mediating variable between the relationship between authentic leadership and work engagement, PhD thesis in Business Sciences, Faculty of Commerce, Sadat City University, Egypt.
38) Mohebi Nooredinvand, M. H., Shehni Yeilagh, M., & Sharifi, H. P. (2014).The relationship of psychological capital (hope, optimism, resiliency and self-efficacy) with the achievement goals and academic performance of the first-year students. Research in Curriculum Planning, 11(40), 61-79.
39) Morin, J. F. (2015). Le rôle de la reconnaissance au travail dans le fonctionnement optimal des employés: une analyse motivationnelle (Doctoral dissertation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières).
40) Mustafa Al-Kurdawi. (2013). The effect of job embeddedness on the relationship between psychological capital and the level of feeling of organizational congestion among employees in the government sector in Dakahlia Governorate in Egypt, Public Administration Journal, Issue 3, Volume 53.
41) Nader Hamed Abu Sharkh. (2010). Evaluating the impact of incentives on the level of job performance in the Palestinian Telecommunications Company from the point of view of employees, Master’s thesis in Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Al-Azhar University, Gaza.
42) Peterson, S. J., Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Zhang, Z. (2011). Psychological capital and employee performance: A latent growth modeling approach. Personnel psychology, 64(2), 427-450.
43) Saliha Shami. (2009/2010). Organizational climate and its impact on employees’ job performance, Master’s thesis in Economics, specialization in Organizational Management, Faculty of Economics, Business and Management Sciences, University of Boumerdes, Algeria.
44) Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2003). Research methods for business 5th Ed: a skill building approach. Journal of Education Business, 68(5), 316-317.
45) Seligman, M. E., & Schulman, P. (1986).Explanatory style as a predictor of productivity and quitting among life insurance sales agents. Journal of personality and social psychology, 50(4), 832.
46) Shi, X. Y. (2013). Contributions relatives du capital psychologique et de l'intelligence émotionnelle à la performance au travail et au bien-être psychologique (Doctoral dissertation, HEC Montréal).
47) Snyder, C. R. (Ed.). (2000). Handbook of hope: Theory, measures, and applications. Academic press
48) Snyder, C. R., Irving, L. M., & Anderson, J. R. (1991).Hope and health. Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective, 162, 285-305.
49) Sultan, M. A. R., & Ameen, M. M. (2023).A comparative study in anticipating strategic planning and future thinking between the leaders in charge of managing the student activities departments of Iraqi public and private universities. Journal of Sports Science and Nutrition, 4(1), 76-85.
50) Sultan, Mohammed Saeed Anwar.(2003). Organizational Behavior.RNew University. Second Edition. AlexandrianAnd.
51) Sweetman, D., & Luthans, F. (2010). The power of positive psychology: Psychological capital and work engagement. Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research, 54, 68.
52) Trochim, W. M., & Donnelly, J. P. (2001).Research methods knowledge base (Vol. 2). Macmillan Publishing Company, New York: Atomic Dog Pub..
53) Valle, M. F., Huebner, E. S., & Suldo, S. M. (2004).Further evaluation of the Children's Hope Scale. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 22(4), 320-337.
54) Wright, T. A. (2003). Positive organizational behavior: An idea whose time has truly come. Journal of Organizational behavior, 24(4), 437-442.
55) Zhong, L. F., & Ren, H. L. (2009, September). The relationship between academic stress and psychological distress: The moderating effects of psychological capital. In 2009 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (pp. 1087-1091). IEEE
