To Hoai An, M.A.

Dai Nam University - Hanoi, Vietnam

DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i03-61

Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT

The study was carried out at Dai Nam University to measure the levels of presentation apprehension among non-English major students. The participants were 137 students of different disciplines. The study employs quantitative research design to obtain the answers for research questions. The first finding of the study shows that levels of presentation apprehension among non-English major students at Dai Nam University was M=3.06 which was at the medium level. In terms of variation of presentation apprehension by years of study, the findings reveal that there were significant differences. Year 1 (M = 3.82, SD = 0.25) was significantly larger than for Year 2 (M = 3.01, SD = 0.41), p < .001. For the main effect of year of study, the mean of presentation apprehension for Year 1 (M = 3.82, SD = 0.25) was significantly larger than for Year 3 (M = 2.29, SD = 0.39), p < .001. For the main effect of years of study, the mean of presentation apprehension for Year 2 (M = 3.01, SD = 0.41) was significantly larger than for Year 3 (M = 2.29, SD = 0.39), p < .001. The second finding of the study revealed that among the factors that lead to presentation apprehension, fear of being judged or criticized (Ft5), and lack of self-confidence (Ft6) were the main causes of anxiety M=3.05 and M=3.04 respectively. The finding also indicated that the factors of presentation apprehension varied by years of study.

KEYWORDS:

presentation apprehension, non-English major students, factors affect presentation apprehension.

REFERENCES
1) Baker, S. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2000). The role of gender and immersion in communication and second language orientations. Language Learning, 50(2), 311–341.

2) Beatty, M. J., Behnke, R. R., & Miller, K. L. (2019). Presentation anxiety: Implications for classroom instruction. Communication Education, 68(2), 158–181.

3) Bourhis, R. Y., & Giles, H. (1977). "The language of intergroup distinctiveness." In Giles, H. (Ed.), Language, ethnicity, and intergroup relations (pp. 119-135).

4) Corcoran, L., & Tormey, R. (2015). Communication apprehension, reticence and self-perceived communication competence in higher education. Communication Research Reports, 32(1), 37–44.

5) Cox, C. M. (2019). Perfectionism and public speaking anxiety: Examining the impact of self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism. Communication Research Reports, 36(2), 137–147.

6) Dwyer, A. (2016). Anxiety and public speaking: A review of the literature. Communication Research Reports, 33(2), 119–130.

7) Eysenck, M. W., & Calvo, M. G. (1992). Anxiety and Performance: The Processing Efficiency Theory. Cognition and Emotion, 6(6), 409–434.

8) Fishman, J. A. (2001). Reversing language shift: Theory and practice of assistance to threatened languages. Multilingual Matters.

9) Garcia, O., & Li Wei. (2014). "Translanguaging: Language, bilingualism and education." Palgrave Macmillan.

10) Gibbs, J. (2017). Enhancing Communication Skills Through Cooperative Learning in Undergraduate Biology. Journal of College Science Teaching, 46(3), 50–56.

11) Greene, O.J., & Burleson, R.B. (2008). Handbook of Communication and Social Interaction Skills. Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Publishers

12) Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125–132.

13) Huang, M. P. (2019). The relationship between public speaking anxiety and self-esteem. Psychological Reports, 122(5), 1725–1743.

14) Jansen, P. G., & Westhuis, D. J. (2019). The effect of presentation quality on public speaking anxiety and nonverbal communication effectiveness. Communication Research Reports, 36(4), 308-318.)

15) Kearney, M. H., Draper, M., & Barreto, E. A. (2018). Teaching and learning scholarship: Educators' experiences with public speaking anxiety. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 13(3), 173–176.

16) King, K. A. (2000). "Language attitudes and identity in Gibraltar." In Edwards, J. (Ed.), Language in Gibraltar (pp. 85-100).

17) Levchak, P. (2009). Visualization Techniques for Public Speaking. Economic, Social and Administrative Sciences, 18(1), 131-142.

18) Levine, E. E., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2015). Are liars ethical? On the tension between benevolence and honesty. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 58, 39–53.

19) Levine, T. R., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (1994). When a communicator's incompetence is not immediately apparent: A test of the delay-of-incompetence hypothesis. Communication Research Reports, 11(2), 135–142.

20) Lucas, S. E. (2018). The Art of Public Speaking. McGraw-Hill Education.

21) McCroskey, J. C. (1997). Public speaking apprehension: The next decade. Communication Education, 46(1), 63-72.

22) MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Language anxiety: Its relationship to other anxieties and to processing in native and second languages. Language Learning, 41(4), 513–534.

23) Phillips, E. M. (1992). The effects of language anxiety on students' oral test performance and attitudes. The Modern Language Journal, 76(1), 14–26.

24) Purdie, N., & Oliver, B. (2014). Presenting to learn and learning to present: Undergraduate experiences of conference participation. Teaching in Higher Education, 19(2), 182–194.

25) Rabstejnek, P. & Reddick, T. L. (2019). Mindfulness in the Classroom: How Mindfulness Techniques Can Help Reduce Public Speaking Anxiety. Journal of Education for Business, 94(5), 311-316.

26) Ricento, T. (2018). "Language policy and education for multilingualism and linguistic diversity." In May, S. (Ed.), The multilingual turn (pp. 20-35).

27) Toastmasters International. (n.d.). About Toastmasters. Retrieved from https://www.toastmasters.org/about/all-about-toastmasters

28) Young, D. J. (1991). Creating a low-anxiety classroom environment: What does language anxiety research suggest? The Modern Language Journal, 75(4), 426–439.

29) Wei, L. (2000). "Dimensions of bilingualism." In Wei, L. (Ed.), The bilingualism reader (pp. 369-388).

30) Woodrow, L. (2006). Anxiety and speaking English as a second language. RELC Journal, 37(3), 308–328.

31) Woodman, T., & Hardy, L. (2003). The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(6), 443–457.

32) Zeidner, M. (1998). Test anxiety: The state of the art. Plenum Press.

Volume 07 Issue 03 March 2024