May 2024

Volume 07 Issue 05 May 2024
Prospects for Multicultural Encounters and Identification Processes - Insights from Case Studies among Migrants in Brazil
Dr Aline Khoury
Tutor at Public Policy Analysis online course for LSE- the London School of Economics and Political Science, through GetSmarter Education
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i05-89

Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT

This paper analyses how multicultural encounters have shaped groupism processes and notions of identities among migrants in contemporary Brazil. To do that, the paper contextualises the particular sense of hybridity built in the Brazilian multiculturalism approach, and how it enabled certain encounters and senses of belonging beyond nationhood-oriented groupism and sometimes beyond ethnicity-oriented groupism. The paper brings insights from a fieldwork study held among a hundred migrants living in the two main charity shelters in Sao Paulo-Brazil, demonstrating how these individuals operate different senses of belonging through encounters according to different aims. It explains how they operate their belonging to migrant categories (and the vulnerabilities associated with it) for claiming for dignity, rights and access to basic services in Brazil. The paper also explains how these migrants operate other belongings beyond such migrant status and nationality categories (such as belongings related to gender, age, language, profession, religion, etc.) in other encounters with different aims and dynamics. Overall, the paper also aims to contribute to scrutinising the reified concept of 'group' which dominates mainstream literature, indicating how the perspective of encounters might allow us to identify more fluid and spontaneous categories which seem to better comprehend contemporary multicultural relations.

KEYWORDS:

multiculturalism; migration; identities; nationhood; inclusion

REFERENCES
1) Appadurai, A., 1996. Modernity at large: cultural dimensions of globalization. Minneapolis and London: The University of Minnesota Press.

2) Bhabha, Homi K., 1990. Nation and Narration. London: Routledge.

3) Bommes, M., 2005. Transnationalism or assimilation?. JSSE-Journal of Social Science Education, 4 (1), 14-30.

4) Bosco, F., 2017. A vítima tem sempre razão? Lutas identitárias e o novo espaço público brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Todavia.

5) Brubaker, R.,2002. Ethnicity without groups. European Journal of Sociology, 43(2), 163-189.

6) Carta Capital Newspaper, 2017. 'Sai do meu país!': agressão a refugiado expõe a xenophobia no Brasil, In Política-Carta Capital.Available from:https://www.cartacapital.com.br/politica/saia-do-meu-pais-agressao-a-refugiado-no-rio-expoe -a-xenofobia-no-brasil. Accessed 11 July, 2023.

7) CRAI-Centrode Referência e Atendimento para Imigrantes, 2015. Relatório Annual 2015-2016. Coordenação de Políticas para Migrantes de São Paulo: Secretaria de Direitos

8) Humanos e Cidadania de São Paulo. Available from: https://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/direitos_humanos/imigrantes_e_trabalho_ decente/crai/index.php?p=208661. Accessed 11 July 2023.

9) Cuche, D., 2009. L’homme marginal»: une tradition conceptuelle à revisiter pour penser l’individu en diaspora. Revue européenne des migrations internationales, 25 (3), 13-31.

10) De Carvalho, J., 2001. Cidadania no Brasil - O longo caminho. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Civilização Brasileira.

11) Doytcheva, M., 2005. Le multiculturalisme - La Découverte. Paris: Repères

12) El Nacional, 2018. Condenan ataques con molotov a inmigrantes venezolanos en Brasil. El Nacional. Available from: http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/latinoamerica/condenan-ataques-con-molotov-inmigrantes-venezolanos-brasil_222661. Accessed 11 July, 2023.

13) Espinoza, M., Brumat, L., 2018. Brazil elections 2018: how will a Bolsonaro victory affect migration policy in Brazil And South America?. Available from: http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/latamcaribbean/2018/10/25/brazil-elections-2018-how-will-a-bolsonaro-victory-affect-migration-policy-in-brazil-and-beyond/. Accessed 11 July, 2023.

14) Exame Magazine, 2016. Bolsonaro chama refugiados de 'a escória do mundo'. Available from: https://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/bolsonaro-chama-refugiados-de-escoria-do-mundo/. Accessed 11 July, 2023.

15) Fry, P. , 2000. Politics, nationality, and the meanings of 'race' in Brazil. Daedalus, 129 (2), 83-118.

16) Guilmoto C. & Sandron F., 2003. Migration et développement. La Documentation Française, 5172, 7-142.

17) Guarnizo, L., Portes, A., Haller, W., 2003. Assimilation and transnationalism: determinants of transnational political action among contemporary migrants. American Journal of Sociology, 108 (6), 1211-1248.

18) Grin, M., 2009. Ambiguidades do multiculturalismo no Brasil: Diálogos entre negros e judeus. WebMosaica - Revista do Instituto Cultural Judaico Marc Chagall (1), 1-12.

19) Globo Portal de Noticias- G1, 2021. Racismo e xenofobia contra haitianos em ônibus em Cuiabá são apurados pela polícia, Available from https://g1.globo.com/mt/mato-grosso/noticia/2021/04/20/video-de-racismo-e-xenofobia-contr a-haitianos-em-onibus-em-cuiaba-e-apurado-pela-policia.ghtml. Accessed 11 July, 2023.

20) Hodgett S., Clark, D., 2011. Capabilities, well-being and multiculturalism: A new framework for guiding policy. International Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue internationale d’études canadiennes, (44), 163-184.

21) Instituto Brasieiro de Geografia e Estatística- IBGE, 2017. Brasil em Síntese – Panorama São Paulo-SP. Available from: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sp/sao-paulo/panorama. Accessed 11 July, 2023.

22) Instituto Brasieiro de Geografia e Estatística- IBGE, 2008. Características étnico-raciais da população: um estudo das categorias de classificação de cor ou raça. Available from: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=249891&view=detalhes. Accessed 11 Jult 2023.

23) International Organization for Migration- IOM, 2016. Global Migration Trends Factsheet 2015. IOM’s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre- GMDAC. Available from: https://publications.iom.int/books/global-migration-trends-factsheet-2015. Accessed 11 July 2023

24) Jenkins, R., 1997. Rethinking Ethnicity: Arguments and Explorations. London: Sage

25) Krishna, S., 2015. Queering the pitch: race, class, gender and nation in the Indo-Australian encounter. Postcolonial Studies, (18.2), 161-173.

26) Kymlicka,W.,2003. Multicultural states and intercultural citizens. School Field, 1 (2), 147-169.

27) Migramundo, 2020. Venezuelanos no Brasil se mobilizam contra xenofobia em campanha eleitoral.Available from: https://migramundo.com/venezuelanos-no-brasil-se-mobilizam-contra-xenofobia-em-campan ha-eleitoral/. Accessed 11 July, 2023.

28) ObMigra- Observatório das Migrações Internacionais, Relatório Anual 2020. Available from: https://portaldeimigracao.mj.gov.br/images/dados/relatorio-anual/2020/OBMigra_RELAT%C 3%93RIO_ANUAL_2020.pdf. Accessed 11 July 2023.

29) Globo, 2022. Caso Moise: cinco episodios de violencia contra imigrantes africanos no Brasil.Availablre from: https://blogs.oglobo.globo.com/blog-do-acervo/post/caso-moise-cinco-episodios-de-violencia-contra-imigrantes-africanos-no-brasil.html. Accessed 11 July 2023.

30) Tempo, 2016. Imigrantes Haitianos sofrem com xenofobia no trabalho. Available from: http://www.otempo.com.br/cidades/imigrantes-haitianos-sofrem-com-xenofobia-no-trabalho- 1.1410725. Accessed 11 July 2023.

31) Petit, V., 2007. Migrations internationales de retour et pays d’origine. Paris: Ceped.

32) Pierucci, A., 1999. As ciladas da diferença. São Paulo: Ed.34

33) Pieterse, J., 2001. The case of multiculturalism: Kaleidoscopic and long-term views. Social Identities, 7 (3), 393-407.

34) Politize, 2018. Xenofobia no Brasil: o que gera essa intolerância? Available from: https://www.politize.com.br/xenofobia-no-brasil-existe/. Accessed 11 July 2023.

35) Portes, A., Dewind, J., 2007. Rethinking migration: New theoretical and empirical perspectives. Oxford: Berghahn Books.

36) Preibisch, K., Dodd, W., Su, Y., 2016. Pursuing the capabilities approach within the migration–development nexus. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (42.13), 2111-2127.

37) Quijano, A., 1989. Paradoxes of modernity in Latin America. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 3 (2), 147-177.

38) Sansone, L., 2003. Multiculturalismo, Estado e modernidade: as nuanças em alguns países europeus e o debate no Brasil. Dados, 46 (3), 535-556.

39) Schwarcz, L.,2013.Nempreto nem branco muito pelo contrário – coreraçana sociabilidade brasileira. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.

40) Severo, F., 2015. O procedimento de solicitação de refúgio no Brasil à luz da proteção internacional dos Direitos Humanos. Revista da Defensoria Pública da União, 1 (8), (33-56) Seyferth, G., 2002. Racismo no Brasil. São Paulo: Editora Peirópolis.

41) Soysal, Y., 2012. Citizenship, immigration, and the European social project: rights and obligations of individuality. The British Journal of Sociology, 63(1), 1-21.

42) Taylor, C., 1994. Multiculturalism: Examining the politics of recognition. Princeton: Princeton University Press

43) UN-United Nations, 1951.Cartagena Declaration on Refugees - 1951. United Nations. Available from: https://www.unhcr.org/about-unhcr/who-we-are/1951-refugee-convention. Accessed 11 July 2023.

44) UNHCR, 2014. Manual de procedimentos e critérios para a determinação da condição de refugiado,Geneve.Available from:https://www.acnur.org/portugues/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Manual_de_procedimentos_e_ crit%C3%A9rios_para_a_determina%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_condi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_refugiado.pdf. Accessed 11 July 2023.

45) Waldely, A., Virgens, B., Almeida C., 2014. Refúgio e realidade: desafios da definição ampliada de refúgio à luz das solicitações no Brasil. Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana, (22 43), 117-131.
Volume 07 Issue 05 May 2024

Indexed In

Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar