February 2025

Volume 08 Issue 02 February 2025
The Development of STEM-Based Teaching Materials to Enhance Students' Critical Thinking Skills
1Reski Juliwarma Saris, 2Kaharuddin Arafah, 3Khaeruddin, 4A. Sri Astika Wahyuni, 5Muhammad Arsyad
1,2,3,4,5Physics Education, Postgraduate Program, Makassar State University, Makassar, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v8-i2-28

Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT

This study is developmental research aimed at analyzing the development results of STEM-based physics teaching materials, practitioners' responses, and the effectiveness of STEM-based physics teaching materials in enhancing students' critical thinking skills. The research trial subjects were 28 Grade XI Science students at MA Darul Fallaah Unismuh. The STEM-based physics teaching material development model used was the 4-D instructional model, which consists of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The research instruments included: Validation sheets for STEM-based physics teaching materials Practitioners' assessment questionnaires Critical thinking skills test instrumentsFindings: 1) STEM-based physics teaching materials were declared valid and feasible for use, with physics material integrated into the STEM approach and a collection of questions aligned with critical thinking skill indicators. 2) Practitioners' responses, particularly physics teachers, placed the developed teaching materials in the "Very Good" category. 3) Effectiveness analysis showed that STEM-based physics teaching materials improved students' critical thinking skills, with an N-Gain score of 0.53, categorized as moderate. Students demonstrated improvements in interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, and explanation indicators. These results indicate that the STEM-based physics teaching materials developed in this study are effective in enhancing students' critical thinking skills.

KEYWORDS:

STEM Learning, Critical Thinking Skills, 4-D Instructional Model

REFERENCES
1) Asysyifa, D. S., . J., Wilujeng, I., & Kuswanto, H. 2019. Analysis of students critical thinking skills using partial credit models (PCM) in physics learning. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 245–253. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.518068

2) Asysyifa, D. S., . J., Wilujeng, I., & Kuswanto, H. 2019. Analysis of students critical thinking skills using partial credit models (PCM) in physics learning. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 245–253. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.518068

3) Aziz Hussin, A. 2018. Education 4.0 made simple: ideas for teaching. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 6(3), 92. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.6n.3p.92

4) Azwar, S. 2012. Reliabilitas dan Validitas. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

5) Bassham, G., Irwin, W., Nardone, H., & Wallace, J. 2013. Critical thinking: a student’s introduction (5 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

6) Battelle for Kids. 2019. Framework for 21st century learning definitions. Battelle for Kids.

7) Branch, R. M. 2009. Instructional design: the ADDIE approach. Boston: Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6

8) Brown, R., Brown, J., Reardon, K., & Merril, C. 2011. Understanding STEM: current perceptions. Technology and Engineering Teacher, 70, 5–9.

9) Bruning, R., Schraw, G., Norby, M., & Ronning, R. 2004. Cognitive psychology and instruction. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.

10) BSNP. 2006. Instrumen Penilaian Tahap II Buku Teks Pelajaran Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah. Jakarta: Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan.

11) BSNP. 2020. Fokus Pembelajaran SD/MI, SMP/MTs, SMA/MA. Jakarta: Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan.

12) Bybee, R. W. 2013. The case for STEM education: challenges and opportunities.

13) Virginia: NSTA Press.

14) Cahyaningsih, F., & Roektiningroem, E. 2018. Pengaruh Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis STEM-PBL Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar Kognitif. Pend. Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam-S1, 7(5), 239–244.

15) Capraro, R. M., Capraro, M. M., & Morgan, J. R. 2013. STEM project-

16) Cooney, S., & Bottoms, G. 2003. Middle grades to high school: mending a weak link. Research Brief

17) Costa, A. L. 1991. Developing minds: a resource book for teaching thinking (Revisi, Vol. 1). Virginia: Asociation for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

18) Daryanto, Dwicahyono, A., & Purwanto, D. 2014. Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran (Silabus, RPP, PHB, Bahan Ajar) (1 ed.). Yogyakarta: Gava Media.

19) Depdiknas. 2008. Panduan Pengembangan Bahan Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Manajemen Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah.

20) Dunnette. 1976. Keterampilan Pembukuan. Jakarta: PT. Grafindo Persada. Facione, P. A. 2011. Measured reasons and critical thinking. California: The California Academic Press.

21) Freeman, B., Marginson, S., & Tytler, R. 2019. An international view of STEM education. STEM Education 2.0 (hlm. 350–363). Brill Sense.

22) Jho, H., Hong, O., & Song, J. 2016. An analysis of stem/steam teacher education in korea with a case study of two schools from a community of practice perspective. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 12(7), 1843–1862.

23) Johnson, E. B. 2007. Contextual teaching and learning. Bandung: Mizan Learning Center.

24) Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. 2016. KBBI Daring. Dalam KBBI Daring. Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia.

25) Kelana, J. B., & Pratama, F. 2019. Bahan Ajar IPA Berbasis Literasi Sains.

26) Bandung: Lekkas

27) Khaeruddin, K., Amin, B. D., & Jasruddin. 2019. Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis pada Kompetensi Dasar Kurikulum 2013 Mata Pelajaran Fisika SMA Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis pada Kompetensi Dasar Kurikulum 2013 Mata Pelajaran Fisika SMA. Seminar Nasional LP2M UNM, 0, Article https://ojs.unm.ac.id/semnaslemlit/article/view/8546

28) Khaeruddin, K., & Bancong, H. 2022. STEM education through PhET simulations: An effort to enhance students’ critical thinking skills. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni, 11(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v11i1.10998

29) Khairiyah, N. 2019. Pendekatan Science, Technology, Engineering, dan Mathematics (STEM). Medan: Guapedia.com.

30) Kocabas, S., Ozfidan, B., & Burlbaw, L. M. 2019. American STEM education in its global, national, and linguistic contexts. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 16(1), em1810. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/108618

31) Lestari, D. A. B., Astuti, B., & Darsono, T. 2018. Implementasi LKS Dengan Pendekatan STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics) Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Teknologi, 4(2), 202. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v4i2.809

32) Lismaya, L. 2019. Berpikir Kritis dan PBL (Problem Based Learning). Surabaya: Media Sahabat Cendekia.

33) Madden, L., Beyers, J., & O’Brien, S. 2016. The importance of STEM education in the elementary grades: learning from pre-service and novice teachers’ perspectives. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 20(5), 1–18. Diambil dari https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1188311

34) Majid, A. 2008. Perencanaan Pembelajaran Mengembangkan Standar Kompetensi Guru. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.

35) Marufi, Ilyas, M., Winahyu, & Ikram, M. 2021. An implementation of ethno-STEM to enhance conceptual understanding. Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 12, 35–44.

36) Maulana. 2017. Konsep Dasar Matematika dan Pengembangan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis-Kreatif. Bandung: UPI Sumedang Press.

37) Mutakinati, L., Anwari, I., & Kumano, Y. 2018. Analysis of students’ critical thinking skill of middle school through STEM education project-based learning. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 7(1), 54–65. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i1.10495

38) Muttaqiin, A., Murtiani, M., & Yulkifli, Y. 2021. Is integrated science book with ethno-stem approach needed by secondary school students? Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1788(1), 012048. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742- 6596/1788/1/012048

39) Nana. 2020. Pengembangan Bahan Ajar. Klaten: Lakeisha.

40) Paul, R. W., & Elder, L. 2002. Critical thinking: tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life. New Jersey: Financial Times Prentice Hall.

41) Pfeiffer, H. D., Ignatov, D. I., Poelmans, J., & Gadiraju, N. 2013. Conceptual structures for STEM research and education. 20th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2013 Mumbai, India, January 10-12, 2013. Proceedings. In: Conference Proceeding ICCS, 35.

42) Pramita, R., Asrizal, & Festiyet. 2021. Analisis Effect Size Pengaruh Bahan Ajar Cetak Berupa Modul Pembelajaran Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. SPEKTRA: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Sains, 7(2), 166. https://doi.org/10.32699/spektra.v7i2.218

43) Prastowo, A. 2015. Panduan Kreatif Membuat Bahan Ajar Inovatif. Yogyakarta: Diva Press.

44) Retnaningsih, D. 2019. Tantangan dan Strategi Guru di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan. 8.

45) Riduwan. 2011. Dasar-Dasar Statistika. Bandung: Alfabeta.

46) Rizaldi, D. R., Nurhayati, E., & Fatimah, Z. 2020. The correlation of digital literation and stem integration to improve indonesian students’ skills in 21st century. International Journal of Asian Education, 1(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.46966/ijae.v1i2.36

47) Rosyidah, N. D., Kusairi, S., Taufiq, A., & Affriyenni, Y. 2020. Profile of students’ critical thinking processes on the topics of hydrostatic pressure and archimedes’ principle. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1511(1), 012081. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1511/1/012081

48) Sajidin, Baedhowi, Triyanto, Totalia, S. A., & Mohammad Masykuri. 2018. Peningkatan Proses Pembelajaran dan Penilaian Pembelajaran Abad 21 dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran SMK. Direktorat Pembinaan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah, Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.

49) Salirawati, D. 2018. Smart Teaching: Solusi Menjadi Guru Profesional. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.

50) Sanders, M. 2009. STEM, STEM Education, STEMmania. The Technology Teacher, 68, 20–26

51) Sani, R. A. 2016. Inovasi Pembelajaran (1 ed.). Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Setianingrum, M. A., & Novitasari, D. 2015. Pengaruh Model PembelajaranThinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) Terhadap KemampuanPemahaman Matematis Siswa. 1, 12.

52) Sihotang, K. 2019. Berpikir Kritis: Kecakapan Hidup di Era Digital. Yogyakarta: PT. Kanisius.

53) Singgih, S., & Dewantari, N. 2020. STEM dalam Pembelajaran IPA di Era Revolusi Industri 4. 0. Indonesian Journal of Natural Science Education, 3, 6. https://doi.org/10.31002/nse.v3i1.873

54) Sofyan, A., Nurhendrayani, H., Mustopa, & Hardiyanto, E. 2015. Panduan Penggunaan Bahan Ajar. Bandung: Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Nonformal dan Informal (PP-PUDNI) Regional I Bandung.

55) Sugiyono. 2019. Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Research and Development). Bandung: Alfabeta.

56) Sundayana. 2014. Statistika Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: Alfabeta.

57) Susanto, A. 2013. Teori Belajar dan Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar. Jakarta: Prenamedia Group.

58) Torlakson, T. 2014. Innovate: a blueprint for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in california public education. California: State Superintendent of Public Instruction.

59) Tsupros, N., Kohler, R., & Hallinen, J. 2009. STEM education: a project to identify the missing components. Intermediate Unit, 1, 11–17.

60) Waluyo, R. 2020. Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Fisika Berbasis STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Terintegrasi Keterampilan Abad 21 dan Muatan Karakter. Universitas Negeri Semarang; Doctoral Dissertation.

61) Wayudi, M., Suwatno, S., & Santoso, B. 2020. Kajian Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas. Jurnal Pendidikan Manajemen Perkantoran, 5(1), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpm.v5i1.25853

62) Widodo, C. S., & Jasmadi. 2008. Buku Panduan Menyusun Bahan Ajar. Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo.

63) Widoyoko, E. P. 2014. Teknik Penyusunan Instrumen Penelitan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Volume 08 Issue 02 February 2025

Indexed In

Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar