Volume 07 Issue 12 December 2024
Dwi Indarti
Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika, Kramat Raya No. 98, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i12-59Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT
This study explores the intersection of multimodal communication and conversational implicature in cross-cultural pragmatic contexts through a systematic literature review. Pragmatics, a branch of linguistics emphasizing the dynamic interaction between language and context, often involves inferential processes that extend beyond literal interpretation. The review synthesizes research published between 2020 and 2024, focusing on multimodalities and conversational implicature in American, Indonesian, and Chinese contexts. Key findings highlight the diverse applications of pragmatics theories, such as Grice’s Cooperative Principle, in examining verbal and non-verbal communication. Studies reviewed investigate contexts ranging from sitcoms, political debates, and humorous dialectal speech to educational methodologies leveraging implicature for language learning. Emerging themes include the pedagogical implicature to enhance students’ pragmatic competence, particularly in understanding implicit meanings and cultural nuances. Additionally, the review underscores the role of multimodal resources, incorporating visual and auditory cues, to support pragmatic awareness. The findings demonstrate that conversational implicature, whether generalized or particularized, varies significantly across cultures, reflecting distinct communication styles and social norms. This variation emphasizes the importance of integrating cultural sensitivity into language education. The review concludes with pedagogical recommendations, advocating the incorporation of multimodal materials and authentic language use to foster critical thinking, cultural adaptability, and effective communication skills. Overall, this systematic review offers valuable insights into the role of multimodal communication and conversational implicature in shaping cross-cultural interactions, providing a foundation for further research and practical applications in language teaching and intercultural communication.
KEYWORDS:Pragmatics, implicature, multimodality, communication, culture
REFERENCES1) Levinson S. Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press; 1983.
2) Yule G. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1996.
3) Huang Y. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014.
4) Feng, W., Wu, Y., Jan, C., Yu, H., Jiang, X., & Zhou X. Effects of contextual relevance on pragmatic inference during conversation: An fMRI study. Brain Lang. 2017;171:52–61.
5) Huang Y. Types of inference: entailment, presupposition, and implicature. In: Bublitz, W., & Norrick NR, editor. Foundations of Pragmatics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton; 2011. p. 397–424.
6) Grice HP. Logic and conversation. In: Peter Cole and Jerry L Morgan, editor. Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts. Academic Press; 1975. p. 41–58.
7) Clark B. Pragmatics The Basics. New York: Routledge; 2022.
8) George, E. J., & Mamidi R. Conversational implicature in English dialogue: Annotated dataset. Procedia Comput Sci. 2020;171:2316–23.
9) Payrato L. Pragmatics and multimodality. A reflection on multimodal pragmastylistics. In: Giora, R., & Haugh M, editor. Doing Pragmatics Interculturally. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton; 2017. p. 293–312.
10) Palanques VB. Complaint sequences across proficiency levels: The contribution of pragmatics and multimodality. Universitat Jaume; 2016.
11) Reiter, R. M., Manrique, E., & Cantarutti M. Toward a multimodal pragmatics analysis of ambulant vending on a Buenos Aires trainline. J Pragmat. 2023;210:122–42.
12) Liang M. Pragmatic socialization through gameplay directives: Multimodal conversation analysis of avatar-embodied interactions. J Pragmat. 2021;171:36–48.
13) Company M. The role of Gricean determinacy and the strenght condition in the relevance theory for interpreting implicatures. Unisinos J Philos. 2019;20(3):246–55.
14) Grice P. Logic and conversation. In: P. Grice, editor. Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1989. p. 22–40.
15) Zhang, Z., Bergen, L., Paunov, A., Ryskin, R., & Gibson E. Scalar implicature is sensitive to contextual alternatives. Cogn Sci. 2023;47.
16) Goodman, N. D., & Stuhlmuller A. Knowledge and implicature: Modeling language understanding as social cognition. Top Cogn Sci. 2013;5(1):173–84.
17) Tamburini V. Saying (nothing) and conversational implicatures. Pacific Philos Q. 2023;104:816–36.
18) Alviar, C., Kello, C. T., & Dale R. Multimodal coordination and pragmatic modes in conversation. Lang Sci. 2023;97.
19) Saz-Rubio M. Female identities in TV toiletries ads: A pragmatic and multimodal analysis of implied meanings. J Pragmat. 2018;136:54–78.
20) Sindoni MG. “The time is now”: A multimodal pragmatic analysis of how identity and distance are indexed in HIV risk communication digital campaigns in US. J Pragmat. 2021;177:82–6.
21) Carrim, A., & Nkomo SA. A systematic literature review of the feasibility of translanguaging pedagogy in the foundation phase. J Lang Lang Teach. 2023;11(2):195–210.
22) Denyer, D., & Tranfield D. Producing a systematic review. In: The Sage Handbook of Organizational. Sage Publications Ltd; 2009. p. 671–89.
23) Sharma G. Pros and cons of different sampling techniques. Int J Appl Res. 2017;3(7):749–52.
24) Braun, V., & Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101.
25) Cezar LM. Exploring conversational implicatures in the American sitcom Seinfeld. Brazilian English Lang Teach J. 2021;12(1):1–12.
26) Kwarteng M. Pragmatic analysis of ex-president Donald Trump’s interviews and its relation with the Grice’s (1975) cooperative principle. J English Lang Teach Appl Linguist. 2021;3(3):19–31.
27) Degen J. Investigating the distribution of some (but not all) implicatures using corpora and web-based methods. Semant Pragmat. 2015;8(11):1–55.
28) Pertiwi, W. E., Sudana, D., & Bachari AD. Conversational implicature forms of Banyumasan humorous utterances on YouTube. J Res English Lang Learn. 2023;4(1):11–7.
29) Miles, M. B., & Huberman AM. Drawing valid meaning from qualitative data: Toward a shared craft. Educ Res. 1984;13(5):20–30.
30) Soekarno A. Conversational implicature in Indonesian president candidates debate on Metro TV. J Ilm Lang Parol. 2019;3(1):34–41.
31) Asshidiq, F. & M. Implicature of selected short stories and their relationships in learning Indonesia language. ICOLAE. 2023;699–706.
32) Feng, W., Yu, H., & Zhou X. Understanding particularized and generalized conversational implicatures: Is theory-of-mind necessary? Brain Lang. 2021;212.
33) Li S. Conversational implicature instruction as a pedagogical strategy for English majors in a Chinese context: A pragmatic-analysis of its effectiveness. Theory Pract Lang Stud. 2021;11(10):1279–87.
34) Hou, C., He, B., Zhang, Z., & Yang Q. Inferring conversational implicature: Managing implicit and explicit information in the translation of English children literature. Int J Educ Humanit. 2022;5(2):296–303.
35) Deda N. The role of pragmatics in English language teaching: Pragmatic competence. Acad J Interdiscip Stud. 2013;2(4):63–70.
36) Rodriguez-Penarroja M. Corpus pragmatics and multimodality: Compiling an ad-hoc multimodal corpus for EFL pragmatics teaching. Int J Instr. 2021;14(1):927–46.
37) Sbisa M. Presupposition and implicature: Varieties of implicit meaning in explicitation practices. J Pragmat. 2021;182:176–88.
38) Gamage, U. P., & Makangila PS. Conversational implicature, humour theory and the emergence of humour: A pragmatic analysis of Udurawana’s stories in Sri Lanka. Int J Appl Linguist English Lit. 2019;8(6):67–75.
39) Prasatyo, B. A., & Kurniyawati Y. An analysis of flouting of Maxim in Aiman’s talkshow “Tudingan konspirasi di balik korona.” Ethical Ling J Lang Teach Lit. 2021;8(1):38–45.
40) Ayasreh, A., & Razali R. The flouting of Grice’s conversational maxim: Examples from Bashar Al-Assad’s interview during the Arab spring. IOSR J Humanit Soc Sci. 2018;23(5):43–7.
41) Keckskes I. Processing implicatures in English as a lingua franca communication. Lingua. 2021;256.
42) Ciftlikli, S., & Demirel O. The relationships between students’ comprehension of conversational implicatures and their achievement in reading comprehension. Front Psychol. 2022;13.
43) Namdari, A., & Bonyadi A. The relationship between EFL students’ implicature competence and their English academic success. J Pragmat Res. 2024;6(1):38–51.
44) Celce-Murcia M. Rethinking the role of communicative competence in language teaching. Intercult Lang Use Lang Learn. 2007;41–57.
