December 2024

Volume 07 Issue 12 December 2024
Essays on Fintech, Self-Regulating Organizations, Autonomous Finance, Self-Sovereign Identity, and Micro-Investment
Donald L. Buresh, Ph.D., Esq.
Morgan State University
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i12-83

Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT:

This paper discusses five topics: FinTech, self-regulating organizations, autonomous finance, self-sovereign identity, and micro-investment. In the first section, FinTech is defined, and FinTech use cases are described. The second section, which deals with self-regulating entities, defines the notion and highlights the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. The third section concerns autonomous finance, where it is defined, its adoption by the financial world, its relationship with consumers, and the regulatory challenges with autonomous finance are evaluated. The fourth section addresses self-sovereign identity, where it is defined, various use cases are outlined, existing data breaches, and how to mitigate such regulatory risks. The final section discusses micro-investment, including its definition and characteristics, how micro-investment can be a long-term investment strategy, and how micro-investment can be a viable strategy for retirement planning. The article concludes by pointing out that although these topics are burning issues in finance, they are also replete with advantages and disadvantages of their own.

KEYWORDS:

Autonomous Finance • Fintech • Micro-Investment • Self-Regulating Organizations • Self-Sovereign Identity

REFERENCES
1) Adam Hayes, Blockchain Facts: What Is It, How It Works, How It Can Be Used, Investopedia (Sep.16, 2024), available at https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp.

2) Adam Hayes, Self-Regulatory Organization (SRO): Definition and Examples, Investopedia (Apr. 30, 2024), available at a. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sro.asp.

3) Adam Hayes, Embedded Finance: Everything You Need to Know, Investopedia (Mar. 29, 2024), available at a. https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-embedded-finance-8417153.

4) Akhilesh Ganti, Wealth Management Meaning and What Wealth Managers Charge, Investopedia (Aug. 23, 2024), available at https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wealthmanagement.asp.

5) Alexander S. Gillis, Self-Sovereign Identity, Tech Target (Dec. 2022), available at a. https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/self-sovereign-identity.

6) Allie Grace Garnett, Micro-Investing: Your Gateway to Financial Empowerment?, Britannica Money (n.d.), available at a. https://www.britannica.com/money/volatility-etfs-explained.

7) AMR Staff, Autonomous Finance Market to Reach $82.58 Billion, Globally, by 2032 at 18.2% CAGR: Allied Market Research, Allied Market Research (Nov. 19, 2023), available at https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/autonomous-finance-market-to-reach-82-58-billion-globally-by-2032-at-18-2-cagr-allied-market-research-301992309.html.

8) Anwesha Roy, A Guide to Self-Service CX in Financial Services, CX Today (May 5, 2021), available at a. https://www.cxtoday.com/contact-centre/a-guide-to-self-service-cx-in-financial-services/#:~:text=Online%20application%20tracker%20–%20Customers%20can%20track,use%20cases%20for%20self-service%20in%20financial%20services.

9) BTCA Staff, Why Digital Payments?, Better Than Cash Alliance (2024), available at a. https://www.betterthancash.org/define-digital-payments.

10) Dan Rosenberg, What Is Dollar Cost Averaging?, Britannica Money (n.d.), available at a. https://www.britannica.com/money/dollar-cost-averaging.

11) Digital Experience, Autonomous Finance Is Here and It's Reinventing Customer Expectations, Telus Digital Experience (Jun.22, 2021), available at https://www.telusdigital.com/insights/digital-experience/article/autonomous-finance-customer-expectations.

12) Dock Staff, Zero-Knowledge Proofs: Non-Techie’s Guide to Online Privacy Tech, Dock.io (Nov. 25, 2024), available at https://www.dock.io/post/zero-knowledge-proofs#:~:text=The%20paper's%20definition%20of%20a,developed%20from%20being%20a%20purely.

13) Donald L. Buresh, The Application of the Federal Trade Commission Privacy and Safeguards Rules to the In the Matter of Tax Slayer, L.L.C. Case, 4 International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 9, 2512-20 (Sep. 2021), available at DOI: 10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i9-33.

14) Donald L. Buresh, The Everalbum, Inc. Case, or How the Federal Trade Commission Protected Consumer Rights Regarding the Collection, Use, Storage, Dissemination, and Destruction of Facial Recognition Data, 4 International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 10, 2936-43 (Oct. 2021), available at DOI: 10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i10-38.

15) Eduardo Hotta, Self-Sovereign Identity Use Cases, Cheqd (Jan. 11, 2022), available at https://cheqd.io/blog/self-sovereign-identity-use-cases/#:~:text=When%20it%20comes%20to%20use,while%20providing%20a%20compliant%20service.

16) Esther Sauri, What Are Verifiable Credentials?, Gatica (Sep. 19, 2023), available at https://gataca.io/blog/what-are-verifiable-credentials/#:~:text=Verifiable%20credentials%20(or%20VCs)%20are,Mobile%20Driving%20License%20(mDL).

17) FINRA Staff, Disciplinary and Other FINRA Actions, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (Sep. 20-24), available at https://www.finra.org/sites/default/files/2024-09/Disciplinary_Actions_September_2024.pdf.

18) FINRA Staff, Five Steps to Protecting Market Integrity, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (n.d.), available at https://www.finra.org/about/what-we-do/five-steps-protecting-market-integrity.

19) FinTech Weekly Staff, FinTech Definition, FinTech Weekly (Mar. 12, 2024), available at a. https://www.fintechweekly.com/fintech-definition.

20) FM Contributors, Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) and Why It Matters in 2023, Finance Magnates (Apr. 13, 2023), available at https://www.financemagnates.com/fintech/data/self-sovereign-identity-ssi-and-why-it-matters-in-2023/.

21) Fraud.com Staff, Digital Wallet Fraud – What Is It and How It’s Prevented, Fraud.com (n.d.), available at a. https://www.fraud.com/post/digital-wallet-fraud.

22) Fredrik Filipsson, Navigating Regulatory Challenges for AI in Finance, Redress Compliance (Jul. 23, 2024), available at https://redresscompliance.com/navigating-regulatory-challenges-for-ai-in-finance/#:~:text=What%20are%20the%20main%20regulatory,and%20explainability%20of%20AI%20systems.

23) Future Value of Annuity Calculator, Calculator Soup (n.d.), available at a. https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/financial/future-value-annuity-calculator.php.

24) Gene A. Grant II, Fintech Banking Doomed To Disappear, But Customers Will Benefit, Forbes (Oct. 15, 2024), available at:https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2024/10/15/fintech-banking-doomed-to-disappear-but-customers-will-benefit/.

25) IBM Staff, What is Blockchain Security?, International Business Machines, Inc. (n.d.), available at https://www.ibm.com/topics/blockchain-security#:~:text=Blockchains%20rely%20on%20real-time,the%20ability%20to%20manipulate%20it.

26) Irene Hernández, 35 Use Cases of Decentralized Identities That Will Make Your Life Easier, Gataca (Apr. 6, 2022), available at https://gataca.io/blog/ssi-essentials-35-use-cases-of-decentralized-identities-that-will-make-your-life-easier/#:~:text=It%20is%20not%20farfetched%20to,called%20Verifiable%20Credentials%20(VCs).

27) ISO/IEC Staff, ISO/IEC 18013-5:2021, International Standards Organization (Edition 1, 2021), available at https://www.iso.org/standard/69084.html.

28) Julapa Jagtiani, & Catharine Lemieux, FinTech Lending: Financial Inclusion, Risk Pricing, and Alternative Information, Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (Jun. 16, 2017), available at https://www.fdic.gov/system/files/2024-08/14-jagtiani.pdf.

29) Julia Kagan, Financial Technology (Fintech): Its Uses and Impact on Our Lives, Investopedia (Mar. 25, 2024), available at https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fintech.asp.

30) Julia Kagan, Immediate Payment Annuity: What It Is and How It Works, Investopedia (Sep. 25, 2024), available at https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/immediatepaymentannuity.asp.

31) Justin Trificana, What Is Fintech? 6 Main Types of Fintech and How They Work, Plaid (Aug. 9, 2023), available at https://plaid.com/resources/fintech/what-is-fintech/.

32) Kevin George, The Largest Cryptocurrency Hacks So Far, Investopedia (Nov. 2, 2024), available at https://www.investopedia.com/news/largest-cryptocurrency-hacks-so-far-year/#:~:text=It%20has%20been%20argued%20that,and%20USDC%20(a%20stablecoin).

33) Lauren Hendrickson, Your Guide to Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI), Identity (Oct. 14, 2024), available at https://www.identity.com/self-sovereign-identity/.

34) Liz Manning, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) Definition, Investopedia (Oct. 1, 2024), available at https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/finra.asp.

35) Nazhmudin Baimurzaev, Self-Sovereign Identity and the Challenges Facing Its Mass Adoption, Hacker Noon (Sep. 12, 2023), available at https://hackernoon.com/self-sovereign-identity-and-the-challenges-facing-its-mass-adoption.

36) Rachel Murphy, Best Budgeting Apps of October 2024, Forbes Advisor (Oct. 14, 2024), available at https://www.forbes.com/advisor/banking/best-budgeting-apps/.

37) Rachelle Fisher, A Complete Guide on Shift to Autonomous Finance for Businesses, High Radius (Aug. 18, 2024), availableat:https://www.highradius.com/resources/Blog/shift-from-automated-to-autonomous finance/#:~:text=Autonomous%20finance%20allows%20you%20to,and%20enhances%20the%20customer%20experience.

38) Ray Pellecchia, & Nancy Condon, FINRA, Bats, NASDAQ, and NYSE Fine Firms for Market Access Rule Violations, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (Jul. 27, 2017), available at https://www.finra.org/media-center/news-releases/2017/finra-bats-nasdaq-and-nyse-fine-firms-market-access-rule-violations.

39) Robert Burns, To a Mouse, Dictionary.com (n.d.), available at https://www.dictionary.com/browse/the-best-laid-plans-of-mice-and-men-often-go-awry. The saying is adapted from a line in the poem, which states: “The best laid schemes o' mice an' men / Gang aft a-gley.”

40) Sarah Werner, Autonomous Finance: Defined, Aptitude Software (May 6, 2024), available at a. https://www.aptitudesoftware.com/blog/autonomous-finance-defined/.

41) Scott Medintz, Benefits and Risks of Using Personal Financial Apps and Websites, Consumer Reports (Jan. 4, 2024), available at
https://www.consumerreports.org/money/personal-finance/benefits-and-risks-of-using-personal-financial-apps-websites-a8590361886/
#:~:text=Another%20concern%20about%20financial%20technology,that%20could%20use%20it%20inappropriately.

42) SEC Staff, Securities and Exchange Commission and Justice Department’s Antitrust Division Sign Historic Memorandum of Understanding, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (Jun. 22, 2020), available at a. https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020-140.

43) Shafi Goldwasser, Silvio Micali, and Charles Rackoff, The Knowledge Complexity of Interactive Proof Systems,
18 Siam Journal of Computing 1, 186-206 (Feb. 1989), available at
a. https://people.csail.mit.edu/silvio/Selected%20Scientific%20Papers/Proof%20Systems/
The_Knowledge_Complexity_Of_Interactive_Proof_Systems.pdf.

44) Spencer Tierney, 13 Neobanks or Banking Fintech Firms and What They Offer, Nerd Wallet (Jul. 28, 2023), available at https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/banking/neobanks-fintechs-to-watch.

45) Team Focal, Digital Wallet Fraud: Trends, Challenges, and Insights, Focal (Jul. 28, 2024), available at a. https://www.getfocal.ai/blog/digital-wallet-fraud#:~:text=There%20are%20several%20problems%20with,Data%20Breaches.

46) Veritis Staff, 5 Reasons Why Financial Sector Needs Identity and Access Management (IAM), Veritis (n.d.), available at a. https://www.veritis.com/blog/5-reasons-why-financial-sector-needs-identity-and-access-management-iam/#:~:text=2)%20Enhances%20End-user%20Experience,trust%2C%20and%20enhance%20user%20experience.

47) Volopay Staff, What Is Autonomous Finance and Why Is It Important?, Volopay (Apr. 5, 2024), available at a. https://www.volopay.com/blog/what-is-autonomous-finance/.

48) W3C Staff, Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0, W3C (Oct. 19, 2024), available at https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model-2.0/.

49) Yukov Staff, Understanding the Concept of Autonomous Finance, Yukov (n.d.), available at
a. https://yokoy.io/blog/autonomous-finance/#:~:text=Autonomous%20finance%20refers%20to%
20the,and%20automate%20transactions%20and%20investments.
Volume 07 Issue 12 December 2024

Indexed In

Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar