Volume 07 Issue 04 April 2024
1Asst.Lect.Israa Ali Abdulhusain, 2Lect.Abbas Talib Alfelugi
1Department of English Language, College of Education for Girls, Kufa University
2Department of English Language, College of Education, Kufa University
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i04-16Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT
Honorific expressions are mostly common used in literature, specifically in novels. They have occupied an important role within the domain of socio-pragmatic studies of language. They refer to one form of speech that signal social deference, through conventionalized understandings of some aspects of the form-meaning relationship. Honorific expressions have not been studied sufficiently from a socio-pragmatic perspective, particularly in literature. The problem is, therefore, honorifics have not received an adequate analysis and significant attention from a socio-pragmatic perspective, specifically in literary text. Hence, this study attempts to answer the following questions: what is the relationship between honorification and politeness? That is, are honorifics necessarily utilized to indicate politeness or not"? Is there a relationship between the honorific expressions and the sociolinguistic variables like, age, social distance, educational degree and social status in the movie ''Pride and Prejudice''? This paper aims at identifying these honorific forms that are manifested socially and pragmatically with reference to theory of intimacy/status and the theory of politeness. Besides, it attempts to investigate the relationship between the positive and negative politeness strategies and the functions of different categories of honorifics that are used by some public characters in movie 'Pride and Prejudice'. It also sheds light on the effect of different sociolinguistic variables in interpreting and identifying the honorific expressions. The finding of this study reveals that context and other sociolinguistic factors are an effective factors and have an important role in providing a full understanding of the intended meaning of honorific forms. Substantially, this paper shows that how the choice of honorific expressions is utilized differently depending on particular socio-pragmatic aspects.
KEYWORDS:Socio-pragmatics, Sociolinguistic factors, Honorifics, politeness and literary text.
REFERENCES1) Agha, A. (1998). ''Stereotypes and Registers of Honorific Language'' Language in Society 27, (2), 151-193.
2) Agha, Asif. (1994). Honorification. Annual Review of Anthropology. (23), 277-302.
3) Bell, A. (1984). Language Style as Audience Design. Language in Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4) Brown, Lucien. (2011). Korean Honorifics and Politeness in Second Language Learning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co.
5) Brown, P., and Levinson, S. (1978). ''Universals in language use: Politeness phenomena''. In E. N. Goody (eds), Questions and Politeness: Strategies in Social Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6) Brown, P.and Levinson,S.(1987). Politeness: Some Universals In language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7) Brown, R., and Ford, M. (1961). Address in American English. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 62. 375-385.
8) Bussmann, H. (1996). Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. Routledge: British Library.
9) Clyne, M. C. Norrby, and Jwarren. (2009). Language and Human Relations. Styles of Address in Contemporary Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10) Comrie, B. (1976). ''Linguistic Politeness Axes'': Speaker-Addressess, Speaker-Referent, Speaker-By-Stander''. In: Pragmatic Mircofiche. University of Cambridge: Camberidge University Press.
11) Cook, H. M. (2006). Japanese Politeness as an interactional Achievement: Academic Consultation Sessions in Japanese Universities. Multilingua, 269-291.
12) Cruse, A. (2006). A Glossary of semantics and pragmatics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
13) Crystal, D.A.(1987).The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14) Culpeper, Jonathan, Derek Bousfield & Anne Wichmann (2003) 'Impoliteness revisited: With special reference to dynamic and prosodic aspects'. Journal of pragmatics 35 (10-11): 1545-1579.
15) Farghal, M. and Shakir, A.(1994). ''Kin Terms and Titles of Adress as Relational Social Honorifics in Jordanian Arabic''. Anthropological linguistics.
16) Fillmore, C.J.(1971). ''Toward A theory of Deixis''.In Working. Paper in Linguistics.
17) Formentelli, M. (2009). Addressing Strategies in a British Academic Setting. Journal of Pragmatics 19 (2), p.179-196.
18) Hijirada, K. and Sohn, H. (1986). ''Cross Cultural Patterns of Honorific Variables''. Evidence for English , Japanese and Korean. Paper in Linguistics.
19) Horn, R. L & Ward, G.(2006). The Handbook of Pragmatics. Blackwell Publishing.
20) Hwang, J.R. (1990). ''Deference Versus Politeness in Korean Speech''. In: Int. Soc.Lang.
21) Morford.J. (1997): Social Indexicality in French Pronominal Address. Journal of Linguistics p.163.
22) Irvine, J.T.(1995). ''Honorifics''. J. Verschueren et al. Handbook of Pragmatics, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
23) Leech, Geoffery (1983). Principles of Pragmatics. New York: Longman Group Limited.
24) Leech, Geoffery (2003). 'Towards an Anatomy of Politeness in Communication'. International Journal of Pragmatics 101-24.
25) Levinson, Stephen. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
26) Llie, C. (2010). Strategic Uses of Parliamentary Forms of Address: The case of the U.K. parliament and the Swedish Riksdag. Journal of Pragmatics 42 (4), p.885-911.
27) LoCastro, Virginia. (2012). Pragmatics for Language Educators: A Sociolinguistics Perspective. NY: Routledge.
28) Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.(2008). Foreign Language. Teaching and Research Press.
29) McCready. E. (2019). The Semantics and Pragmatics of Honorification. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
30) Mey, J. L. (2009). Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics. (2 Ed.). Kidlington: Elsevier Science.
31) Richard, J. and Weber .H. (1985). Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics. London: Longman Group Ltd.
32) Richard, J. Watts. (2003). Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
33) Richards, J. C., & Richards S. (2002). Longman: Dictionary of Language teaching and applied linguistics: England: Pearson Education Limited.
34) Rover, C. (2001). A web Based Test of Interlanguage pragmalinguistic knowledge: Implictaures, Routines and Speech Acts. Unpublished PhD. University of Hawai at Manoa.
35) Sifianou, M. (1992). Politeness Phenomena in England and Greece: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Oxford: Clarendo Press.
36) Verschueren, Jef (1999). Understanding Pragmatics. London. Arnold.
37) Yamanash, M. (1974). '' On Minding Your P's and Q's in Japanese: Case study from Honorifics''. Paper from the Tenth Regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistic society
38) Yule, George. (2010). the study of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.