Volume 08 Issue 01 January 2025
Manuel Coutinho Carmo Bucar Corte Rea
Doctoral Program Student in Economics & Faculty of Economics and Business Udayana University
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v8-i1-82Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT
After independence, the economic recovery of Timor Leste depended on the oil and gas extractive industry sector. While it is true that oil and gas revenues are essential to achieving the goals set out in Timor-Leste's national development program, it is also true that oil revenues pose challenges to governance capacity, with international experience showing that countries rich in natural resources often experience more waste and corruption than others. The negative effects of abundance on natural resources have been known as the curse of natural resources. And on the other side of Timor Leste facing major social challenges and remaining one of the countries less developed in East Asia. Non-renewable mining wealth, of course, in the long term becomes a problem. Tell me when the dependence on oil and gas can be fulfilled? What leading sectors are possible that can be a reserve for the depletion of "oil and gas natural resources"? Based on the results of the investigation, the possible sectors that will drive the depletion of oil and gas natural resources are the agriculture and fisheries sectors, tourism, processing and manufacturing industries, and renewable energy.
KEYWORDS:Natural resources, oil and gas, leading sectors, non-renewable
REFERENCES1) Arcelus, F. J. (1984). An extension of shiftshare analysis. Growth and Change, 15(1), 3–8.
2) Arsyad, L. (1999). Introduction Planning And Development Economy Area. BPFE UGM.
3) Auty, RM & Warhurst, Alyson. Sustainable development in mineral exporting economies. Resources Policy , UK, Elsevier, vol. 19, p. 14-29, 1993..
4) Basuki, M., & Mujiraharjo, FN (2017). Analysis of Leading Sectors of the Regency Sleman with Shift Share and Location Quotient Methods. Jurnal Sains, Technology And Industry, 15(1), 52–60.
5) Bendahan, S., Camponovo, G., Pigneur, Y. 2003. Multi-issue actor analysis tool and models for assessment technology environment.Journal of Decision System. Vol. 12(4), 1-31
6) Bomsel, Oliver. The Political Economy of rent in mining countries . In: Tilton, John. Mineral wealth and economic development . USA, Resources for the future , p. 59-79, 1992.
7) Campbell, B. 2000. ' Maritime Boundary Arrangements in the Timor Sea.' In The Maritime Dimensions of Independent East Timor , eds DR Rothwell and M. Tsamenyi. Wollongong: Center for Maritime Policy , University of Wollongong.
8) Chiang, S. hen. (2012). Shift share analysis and international trade. Annals of Regional Science , 49(3), 571–588. a. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00168-011- 0465-1
9) Collier, P. and Hoeffler, A., (1998). On economic causes of civil war. Oxford economic papers , 50(4), pp.563-573.
10) Corden, W.M. (1984 ). The Normative Theory of International Trade . In: Jones, R.W and Kenen, PB, Eds., Handbook of International Economics , Volume I, Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam, 63-130.
11) Curtis, W. C. (1972). Shift‐Share Analysis as a Technique in Rural Development Research. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 54(2), 267– 270. https://doi.org/10.2307/1238712.
12) Davis, Graham A. Learning to love the Dutch disease: evidence from the mineral economics . World Development, Canada: Elsevier, vol. 23, p. 1,765-1,779, 1995.
13) Davis, Graham A. The mineral sector, sectoral analysis, and economic development.
14) Resources Policy , UK, Elsevier, v. 24 p. 217-228, 1998.
15) DFAT [ Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade ] 1996. 'Australia-Indonesia:
16) Historical Maritime Boundary Agreement .' Media Release . September 13 1996.
17) Dunham And Ritchey. 1997. Initiating Management Dialog Using SummaryPresentation that Integration the Findings from Multiple SD Analytical Tools. International System Dynamics Conference. Istanbul.
18) Eriyanto. 2003. Analysis Discourse. Yogyakarta: LKiS.
19) Evans, G. 1989. 'Australia and Indonesia – Developing Relationship ( Address by the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade , Senator Gareth Evans to the Conference on Indonesia's New Order: Past, Present and Future in Canberra on 4 December, 1989).' Australian Foreign Affairs and Trade: The Monthly Records 60 (12).
20) Frankel, J.A. and Romer, D. (1999). Does Trade Cause Growth? American Economic Reviews , 89, 379-399.
21) https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.3.379
22) Gelb, Alan H. and Associates. Oil windfalls : blessing or curse ? New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
23) Godet, AJ, M. Meunier, F. Roubelat, F. 2004. Anå/isis estructural con el método MICMAC, and strategies actors with the MACTOR method. Argentina. Recovered in June 2011.
24) Gomes, Rui A. e Teles, Miguel Galvão. O Timor Gap ea Económia de Timor - Leste Gylfason, Thorvald e Zoega, Gylfi. Natural Resources and Economic Growth: The
25) Role of Investment.Central Bank of Chile, Working Papers , No. 142, 1999.
26) Gylfason, T. (2001). Natural resources, education and economic development.
27) European Economic Reviews , 45, 847-859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00127-1.
28) Habib Zuhri (2011), Partnership Chicken Meat Between Company PT Patriot with Farmers in Besowo Village, Kepung District, Kediri Regency Reviewed by Law Islam. Unpublished thesis, Kediri: STAIN Kediri.
29) Hanlon, Margaret. Australia - Indonesia Maritime Boundaries. CAPSTRANS/ School of History and Politics , University of Wollongong.
30) Herriman, M. and M. Tsamenyi. 1998. 'The 1997 Australia-Indonesia Maritime Boundary Treaty: A Secure Legal Regime for Offshore Resources Development ?' Ocean Development & International Law 29 (4):361-96.
31) Hirschman, Albet O. Generalized linkage approach to development, with specialization references to staples. Economic Development & Cultural Change . USA: University of Chicago Press, n. 25 (supplement). P. 67-98, 1977.
32) Iskandar Putong (2005). Microeconomic Theory, (Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media). Julius R. Latumaresa (2015). Economy Indonesia And Dynamics Economy Global. (Jakarta: Partners Discourse Media).
33) Kaldor , N. ( 1966 ). Causes of the Slow Rate of Economic Growth of the United States Kingdom. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
34) Kaye, S. (2001). Australia's Maritime Boundaries: Wollongong Papers on Maritime Policy No. 12 . ( 2nd editions ). Wollongong: Center for Maritime Policy , University of Wollongong.
35) King, J. Robert. Certain Maritime Arrangements in the Timor Sea, the Timor Sea Treaty and the Timor Gap , 1972-2007, 2007
36) Kruger, Richard A. 1988. FOCUS GROUPS: A Practical Guide for Applied Research. California: SAGE Publications.
37) Dear Sir, N. (2020). Analysis Growth Economy And Structure Economy Region City Mataram. MEDIA CONSTRUCTION SCIENTIFIC, 15(1), 3799–3806.
38) Lewis Jr., Stephen. Development Problems of the mineral rich countries. In: Syrquin, Moshe; Taylor, Lance and Westphal, Larry E. (Eds). Economic Structure and Performance: essays in the honor of Hollis B. Chenery. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. Inc., p. 157-177, 1984.
39) Lundahl, Mats e Sjoholm, Fredrick (October 2006), The Oil Resources of East Timor: Curse or Blessings ? - Working Paper 229. Internet: http://www.hhs.se/eijs
40) Marimin. 2004. Technique And Application Retrieval Decision Criteria Compound. Jakarta: Grasindo.
41) Nugroho, AD (2010). Superior Commodities of Food Crops in Java Island. Agro Economy, 17(1), 67–72.
42) Nordhaus, William D. (1992). Comments on "Lethal Model 2: The Limits to Growth Revisited II. Revisited." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity , 2: 1-43.
43) Oyewole, P. (2016). Regional Competition in the International Market for Services: A Shift Share Analysis. Journal of Global Marketing, 29(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.201 5.1119918
44) Paldam, Martin, 1997. " Dutch disease and rent seeking: The Greenland model ," European Journal of Political Economy , Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 591-614, September.
45) Page, G. W., & Patton, C. V. (1991). SHIFT-SHARE ANALYSIS. In Quick Answers to Quantitative Problems (pp. 99–103). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978- 0-12-543570-3.50013-4
46) Paramita, A. And Christian, L. 2013. Technique Focus Group Discussion in Study Qualitative (Focus Group Discussion Technique in Qualitative Research). Bulletin Health Systems Research, 16(2), 117-127.
47) Prescott, V. 1993a. 'Australia-Indonesia (Timor and Arafura Seas).' In International Maritime Boundaries Volume ll , eds JI Charney and LM Alexander. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff.
48) Prescott, V. 1993b. 'Australia-Indonesia (Timor Gap).' In International Maritime Boundaries Volume ll , eds JI Charney and LM Alexander. Dordrecht: Martin Nijhoff.
49) RAN, Commander Stephanie Moles. The Law of the Sea Convention 1982 and the Refugees Convention 1951 provisions: How they might impact on Extant Australian Government policy concerning illegal immigration .
50) R. Jumiyanti, K. (2018). Location Quotient Analysis in Determining the Base Sector And Non Base in Regency Gorontalo. Gorontalo Development Reviews, 1(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.32662/golder.v1i1.1 12
51) Rodriguez, F. and Sachs, J.D. (1999). Why Do Resource-Abundant Economies Grow More Slowly? Journal of Economic Growth , 4, 277-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009876618968
52) Romer, P. (1986). “ Increasing returns and long-run growth ”. Journal of Politics Economy 94, 1002–1037.
53) Sachs, J.D. and Warner, A.M. (1999). The Big Push, Natural Resource Booms and Growth. Journal of Development Economics , 59, 43-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(99)00005-X
54) Schaffer, W. a. (2010). Regional models of income determination: simple economic- base theory. In Economic Base Theory (p. 42).
55) Schofield, C. 2007. 'Minding the Gap: The Australia-East Timor Treaty on Certain Maritime Arrangements in the Timor Sea (CMATS).' The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 22(2):189-234.
56) Serra, Anthony M. with Almeida. East Timor: o petrol e o future. Collection, Documents with Work . No. 71. Lisbon, 2006 56) Solow, R. (1956). " A contribution to the theory of economic growth". Quarterly Journal of Economics 70, 65–94.
57) Sugiyono. (2011). Method Study Quantitative, Qualitative, And R&D. Alphabet.
58) Stepan, S. 1992. ' Portugal's Action in the International Court of Justice Against Australia Concerned the Timor Gap Treaty .' Melbourne University Law Reviews 18 (4):918-27.
59) Stratigea, A in Fauzi. 2019. Sustainability Analysis Techniques Subandi (2011), Indonesian Economic System .
60) Sugiyono. 2006. Method Study Quantitative Quality And R&D. Bandung: Alphabet.
61) Suter, K. 1993. Timor Gap Treaty: The Continuing Controversy . Marine Policy 17 (4):294-302.
62) Tornell, Aaron & Philip R. Lane. Working Paper 6498. DOI 10.3386/w6498 Issue Date April 1998.
63) Treaty between Australia and Republic of Indonesia on the Zone of Cooperation in an Area between the Indonesian Province of East Timor and Northern Australia, signed on 11 December 1989, entered into force 9 February 1991, Australian Treaty Series No. 9, 1991.
64) Treaty between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Democrats Republic of Timor-Leste on Certain Maritime Arrangements in the Timor Sea (CMATS). (Signed in Sydney, 12 January 2006). Entered into Force, 23 February 2007.
65) Tulus TH Tambunan (2006). Development of the Indonesian Agricultural Sector (Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia).
66) Turner, J. C. (2004). The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior.
67) Veli Yilanci, at a. (2021). Disaggregated analysis of the curse of natural resources in most natural resource-abundant countries. Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of Econometrics, Sakarya University, Esentepe Campus, Sakarya, Turkey. Resources Policy, Volume 71.
68) Way, W., D. Browne and V. Johnson, eds. 2000. Documents on Australian Foreign Affairs Policy: Australia and the English Incorporation of English Timor 1974- 1976 . Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
69) Willheim, E. 1989. 'Australia-Indonesia Sea-Bed Boundary Negotiations: Proposals for a Joint Development Zone in the a. “Timor Gap ”.' Natural Resources Journal 29:821-42. Documents:
70) Agreement between the Government of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste and the Government of Australia relating to the Unitization of the Sunrise and Troubadour Fields. Done at Dili, 6 March 2003. Entered into Force , 23 February 2007.
71) ESCAP (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific), 2003. Geology and mineral resources of East Timor: < http://www.unescap.org/ publications/details. asp?id=784 > Office Statistics national East Timor
72) Timor-Leste Petroleum Fund Revenue Quarterly Report, 2005-2021 Constitution Petroleum (Lei Fund Petroleum, East Timor).