Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Dr. Ilham EL MAJDOUBI
Literary and Cultural Studies Hassan II University (UH2C), Faculty of Arts and Humanities (FLSHM), Morocco
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-01Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Dr. Ilham EL MAJDOUBI
Literary and Cultural Studies, Hassan II University (UH2C), Faculty of Arts and Humanities (FLSHM), Morocco
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-02Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Dr. Ilham EL MAJDOUBI
Literary and Cultural Studies, Hassan II University (UH2C), Faculty of Arts and Humanities (FLSHM), Morocco
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-03Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Irawaty, 2Ayup Suran Ningsih, 3Bayangsari Wedhatami
1,2,3Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-04Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Khuong Phi Dinh, 2Duong Lam Thuy
1Thai Nguyen University of Sciences, Vietnam
2Thai Nguyen University of Education, Faculty of Primary Education, Vietnam
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-05Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1AKINTARO Olaoluwa Akintunde, 2AKINDUTIRE Dennis Adebayo, 3ADEJUMO Ezekiel Adewale
1,3Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Department of English and Literary Studies
2University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Department of English
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-06Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Setyo Dwi Wilopo, 2Ratri Wahyuningtyas
1Student of Magister Management, Telkom University
2Lecture of Magister Management, Telkom University
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-07Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Amirullah, 2Giriati, 3Mustaruddin
1Doctoral Study Program Management Science Faculty Of Economics And Business Tanjungpura University Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia
2,3Faculty Of Economics And Business Tanjungpura University Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-08Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Roksana Akhter
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902,Dhaka, Bangladesh
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-09Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Victe Setiawan, 2Haarianto Respati, 3Tanto G. Sumarsono
1,2,3Postgraduate Program, University of Merdeka Malang, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-10Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Frans B. M. Dabukke, 2Harianto, 3Bungaran Saragih, 4Setiadi Djohar
1,2,3,4Business School IPB University, Bogor Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-11Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Dr. Shakti Shankar Dandapat
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanjadeo University (erstwhile NOU), Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-12Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Widyan Arkan Arisyi, 2Fifiana Wisnaeni
1,2Master of Law Porgram, Faculty of Law, Diponegoro University, Indonesia.
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-13Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Faizin, 2Rohmat , 3Novan Ardy Wiyani
1Doctoral Program Student at UIN Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto,
2Professor UIN Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto
3Lecturer UIN Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-14Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Asst. Prof.Dr. Alaa Baji Jebur
University of Kufa College of Education for Women English Department
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-15Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Ni Made Tamansari , 2Ni Made Santini, 3Made Pratiwi Dewi
1,2,3Departement of Management, Faculty Economic and Business, University Warmadewa Denpasar,
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-16Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Siti Ridloah, 2Lola Kurnia Pitaloka, 3Salsabila Nadianisa Maruto
1,2,3Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-17Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Dessy Riski, 2Apri Nuryanto
1,2Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-18Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Wamimbi Mbanazo Fred, 2Dr Matovu Musa, 3Dr Bisaso Ssali Muhammadi
1Doctor of philosophy of education: Department of Curriculum and Instruction Faculty of Education, Islamic University in Uganda
2,3Supervisors: Associate professor, Department of Curriculum and Instruction Faculty of Education, Islamic University in Uganda
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-19Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Wamimbi Mbanazo Fred, 2Dr. Matovu Musa, 3Dr Bisaso Ssali Muhammadi
1Doctor of philosophy of education, Department of Curriculum and Instruction Faculty of Education, Islamic University in Uganda
2,3Supervisors: Associate professor, Department of Curriculum and Instruction Faculty of Education, Islamic University in Uganda
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-20Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1I Gede Made Karma, 2I Made Wijana, 3Jeni Susanti
1,2,3Accounting Department, Politeknik Negeri Bali, Badung-Bali, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-21Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Tu Shuixiang, 2Ooi Boon Keat, 3Albattat, Ahmad
1Graduate School of Management, Management and Science University, Malaysia & Guangxi Vocational and Technical College, China
2School of Education and Social Sciences, Management a nd Science University, Malaysia
3Graduate School of Management , Management and Science University, Malaysia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-22Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Khokan Bhowmik, 2Madhumangal Nayak, 3Sharif Khan, 4Dr. Lalit Lalitav Mohakud
1,2PhD Scholar, Dept. of Education, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Education, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
4 Associate Professor, Dept. of Education, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-23Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Brisibe, Beimonyo Vivien, 2Ayibamientei, TonbieYabefa, 3Anurume, Peace Nkiruka
1LLB (RSU), BL (Abuja), LLM (Aberdeen), PhD (Leeds), Law Lecturer, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
2LLB, (IU) BL(Abuja), AICMC, Researcher, Stanley Damabide & Partners
3LLB (BIU), BL (Abuja)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-24Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Dedi Aprianto, 2Sutarman, 3Lela Rahmawati
1An English Lecturer, Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, the University of Bumigora, Mataram, Indonesia
2Master Program of English Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Law & Tourism, the University of Bumigora, Mataram, Indonesia
3A English Lecturer, Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, the University of Bumigora, Mataram, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-25Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Nguyen Thi Viet Ha, 2Nguyen Thi Khanh Linh
1,2Banking Academy of Vietnam
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-26Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1D. Rahadian, 2A. Krisnawatie, 3W. Rachbini, 4Hadifian
1,2Lecturer at School of Economic and Business, (Distance Learning) Master in Management, Faculty of Economic and Business, Telkom University, West Java, Indonesia
3Lecturer at Graduate School, Faculty of Economics and Business, Pancasila University, Jakarta, Indonesia
4Postgraduate Student at School of Economic and Business, (Distance Learning) Master in Management, Faculty of Economic and Business, Telkom University, West Java, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-27Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Akanji, T.A., 2Olatokun, W.M., 3Agbaje, F.I., 4Eselebor, W., 5Bello, T.Y, 6Yusuf, 7O.L Ishola, A.V.
1,2,3,4University of Ibadan, Nigeria
5Koladaisi University, Ibadan, Nigeria
6Lagos State University, Nigeria
7University of Ibadan
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-28Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Tran Thi Hai Binh, Ph.D
Banking Academy of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-29Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Muhammad Farhansyah Mondari, 2Putri Fariska
1,2School of Economics and Business, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-30Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Hajering
Departemen Akuntansi Universitas Muslim Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-31Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Ahmad Khatib bin Khairuddin, 2Asst. Prof. Dr. Norzalifa binti Zainal Abidin
1,2Department of Applied Arts and Design, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design International Islamic University Malaysia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-32Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Yeong Ming Hun, 2Dr. Mohd. Zahuri bin Khairani
1Department Of Art And Design, Faculty of Art, Computing And Industry Creative, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
2Department of Multimedia Creative, Faculty of Art, Computing And Industry Creative, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-33Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1I Wayan Wesna Astara, 2Nyoman Putu Budiartha, 3Putu Ayu Sriasih Wesna, 4Made Bagoes Wiranegara Wesna
1,2,3,4Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar-Bali, Indoensia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-34Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Isnaeni Tera Masitoh, 2Yunanto
1,2Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH., Semarang, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-35Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Dika Andriyanto, 2Yunanto
1,2Master of Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-36Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Tenri Fada, 2Hasanuddin Fatsah, 3Muziatun
1,2,3Universitas Negeri Gorontalo Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-37Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Silvia Marni, 2Zulfa, Zulfa, 3Elvawati, 4Gio Folanda
1,2,3Universitas PGRI Sumatera Barat
4Universitas Negeri Makasar
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-38Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Ida Ayu Putu Widiati, 2Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti, 3Indah Permatasari
1,2,3Faculty of Law, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-39Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Asst. Prof. Ihssan Abdulkadhum Jabor AL-Muslimawi
Department of English, College of Education for Women, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-40Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
The Influence of Professionalism and Interaction on Purchase Intention in TikTok Shop Live Streaming
1Irma Rinanda, 2Indrawati, 3Heppy Millanyani
1,2,3School of Economics and Business, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-41Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Hafizah Zahra Halim, 2Beniharmoni Harefa, 3Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar, 4Slamet Tri Wahyudi, 5Abdul Halim
1,2,3,4Fakultas Hukum UPN Veteran Jakarta & Jalan Fatmawati Nomor 1, Pondok Labu, South Jakarta
5Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta & Jalan Ir. Djuanda Nomor 95, Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan, Banten.
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-42Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Barnabé KATSUVA NGITSI
PhD Candidate, Bukavu Teacher’s Training College, Department of English and African Culture Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0009-0006-7471-3689
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-43Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Uly Auliya, 2Darminto Hartono
1,2Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-44Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Rinaldy, 2Heri Wibowo
1,2Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-45Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Bui Thi Khanh Huyen
Dai Nam University
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-46Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Nadia Ayu Putriwana, 2Harianto Respati, 3Tanto G. Sumarsono
1Student of Postgraduate Magister Management, University of Merdeka Malang, Indonesia
2,3Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Merdeka Malang, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-47Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Ph.D. Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, 2Nguyen Ngoc Ha Anh
1Thuong Mai University
2Wilbraham and Monson Academy
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-48Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
To Hoai An
Dai Nam University, Hanoi, Vietnam
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-49Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Anton Satriadi, 2Djoko Setyadi, 3Titik Rosnani
1Doctoral Program in Management Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Business, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia
2Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
3Faculty of Economics and Business, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-50Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Putu Ayu Sriasih Wesna, 2I Wayan Wesna Astara, 3Desak Gde Dwi Arini
1,2,3Faculty of Law, Universitas Warmadewa
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-51Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Muhammad Dedad Bisaraguna Akastangga, 2I Wayan Pastika, 3Ida Ayu Made Puspani, 4Ketut Artawa
1,2,3,4Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-52Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Hamid G. Jewad
Department of English, University of Kerbala, College of Education for the Humanities, Kerbala, Iraq
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-53Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Nguyen Thi Nhung
Dai Nam University, Hanoi, Vietnam
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-54Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Rionaldi Alamsyah Kuoki, 2Dadan Rahadian, 3Astrie Krisnawati
1Postgraduate Student at School of Economic and Business, (Distance Learning) Master in Management, Faculty of Economic
and Business, Telkom University, West Java, Indonesia
2Lecturer at School of Economic and Business, (Distance Learning) Master in Management, Faculty of Economic and Business,
Telkom University, West Java, Indonesia
3Lecturer at School of Economic and Business, (Distance Learning) Master in Management, Faculty of Economic and Business,
Telkom University, West Java, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-55Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Lu Jing Yi, 2Ooi Boon Keat
1Post Graduate Centre, Management and Science University
2School of Education and Social and Sciences , Management and Science University
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-56Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Fatin Syahida Binti Ramlan, 2Lu JingYi, 3Monica Leena Rajaretnam, 4Ooi Boon Keat
1,2,3,4School of Education and Social Sciences, Management and Science University
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-57Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Velıyeva Samıra Yusıfalı
Ph.D. candidate, National Aviation Academy
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-58Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Halimah Husna Jonneli, 2Alex Winarno, 3Romat Saragih
1,2,3School of Economics and Business, Telkom University, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-59Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Bekzod T. Ibragimov
Researcher of Gulistan State University
orchid.org/0009-0006-6112-8106
UDK. 1(575.1)(091):001(575.1) (History of Philosophy)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-60Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Farida Titik Kristanti, 2Rafqah Annisa Kusumaningrum
1,2Department of Economics and Business, Telkom University, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-61Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Peguy Ndonko (Ph.D,), 2Isaac Genna
1Anthropologist, University of Bamenda
2Communication expert, CABTAL, Yaoundé
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-62Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Ulfa Dewi Kurniasari, 2Tanto G. Sumarsono, 3Boge Triatmanto
1Student of Postgraduate Magister Management, University of Merdeka Malang, Indonesia
2,3Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Merdeka Malang, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-63Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Tao zhixuan
Emilio Aguinaldo College Manila, Philippines
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-64Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Development and Validation of a Comprehensive English Test for Sophomore Students in Liaoning, China
Yang Yue
Graduate School, Emilio Aguinaldo College, Manila, Philippines
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-65Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Limufita Cahya Mareta, 2Sina Setyadi, 3Bambang Supriadi
1,2,3Postgraduate program, University of Merdeka Malang, Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-66Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Luh Putu Suryani, 2Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti, 3I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha, 4I Ketut Kasta Arya Wijaya
1,2,3,4Faculty of Law
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-67Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Tuğba Demirtaş
PhD, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkiye, İstanbul/Turkiye,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8052-6082
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-68Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
1Isyarotul Mu’allimah, 2Mohamad Naim, 3Muhammad Irfan Hilmi
1Student in Masters of elementary education FKIP Universitas Jember-Indonesia
2,3Lecturer in Masters of elementary education, FKIP Universitas Jember-Indonesia
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-69Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Kou Yanyan
Graduate School, Emilio Aguinaldo College Manila, Philippines
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-70Read MoreDownload Pdf
Volume 07 Issue 09 September 2024
Md. Shakib Hossain
Senior Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, East West University, Bangladesh
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-71Read MoreDownload Pdf